V. A. Kizlik

The article presents a clinical and pharmacological review of modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of pericarditis, with an emphasis on practical recommendations for selecting anti‑inflammatory therapy. The etiological structure of pericardial diseases and the key clinical manifestations of acute, recurrent, and chronic pericarditis are examined. The regimens for using non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs, colchicine, and glucocorticosteroids are analyzed in detail, along with a comparative assessment of their efficacy and safety. Special attention is paid to the use of interleukin‑1 inhibitors in patients with idiopathic recurrent pericarditis: the results of the COURSE study, dosing regimens for golimumab, and recommendations from experts of the Russian Society of Cardiology are presented. Issues related to the safety of combination therapy with NSAIDs and oral anticoagulants are considered separately. Algorithms for selecting therapy are proposed, depending on the severity of the disease, the response to standard regimens, and the patient’s comorbid background.

This article presents a clinical and pharmacological overview of modern incretin receptor agonists used to treat obesity. It examines the evolution of therapeutic approaches, ranging from moderately effective agents (liraglutide) to highly effective long-acting formulations (semaglutide), as well as dual (tirzepatide, a GIP / GLP-1 agonist) and triple (retatrutide, a GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon agonist) agonists. The mechanisms of action, based on central appetite suppression, delayed gastric emptying, and the activation of multiple metabolic pathways, are analyzed in detail. Issues regarding safety, adverse reactions, and specific aspects of use in patients with comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea, are discussed. Among pharmacological agents, multi-action incretin agonists, specifically tirzepatide and retatrutide, demonstrate the greatest efficacy in weight loss (reductions of 20.9 % and 24 %, respectively, in patients receiving the maximum dose), with effects approaching those of bariatric surgery. The development of oral formulations (semaglutide, amycretin) and further investigation of combination regimens involving metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors appear to be promising. It is essential to expand the indications for use and incorporate new drugs into national clinical guidelines; this would enable a personalized approach to obesity treatment, taking into account the patient’s comorbidities and individual characteristics.

Medical organizations deal with large volumes of data every day: patients’ personal data, their health status, employees’ personal data, etc. The introduction of new information technologies for processing such data increases the likelihood of leakage and theft of information. Ensuring information security in the information and telecommunications network «Internet» is one of the tasks of the national development goal of the Russian Federation «Digital Transformation of State and Municipal Administration, Economy, and Social Sphere». Learning the basics of information security is an essential part of training medical workers.