Sajad Mami

In the present study, the synthesis, characterization, and therapeutic effects in treating second‐degree burn wounds of the green synthesis ZnO NPs using Ferulago angulata extract and its doping with magnesium were evaluated. The prepared materials were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV‐Vis absorption spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of materials were investigated by DPPH (2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay. The concentration of 500 µg/mL of Mg‐doped ZnO NPs was associated with the highest level of DPPH radical reduction among the several substances (F. angulata extract, ZnO NPs, and Mg‐doped ZnO NPs) (p < 0.05). The Pasteur Institute cell bank was employed to obtain the Huvec cell line for the cytotoxicity test. The viability of the cells decreased as compared to the control group (p < 0.05) after 24 h of exposure. The lowest viability rate was seen when these substances were added at 1000 µg/mL. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of nanoparticles and ointments prepared from these nanoparticles with different concentrations were investigated. Examining the antibacterial and antifungal effect of zinc oxide and Mg‐doped ZnO nanoparticles showed that these compounds had antibacterial and antifungal effects on mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Candida albicans, mold, and yeast. After 21 days of treatment with various ointments, the speed of wound closure and hair growth was observed in groups Mg‐doped ZnO NPs (0.05% and 1%), Zn‐NPs (0.05% and 1%), Adib Derm and Eucerin groups, respectively. The microscopic analysis of the wound site in the group treated with 0.1% of Mg‐doped ZnO NPs showed that after 21 days, collagenization and epithelialization occurred. The epidermis and the stratum corneum were well‐formed, and the formation of hair follicles increased in number. The presence of sebaceous glands around the hair follicles also indicated complete wound healing and improved skin.

The optimal rearing density (RD) enhances fish performance, but there is little information about the effect of rearing densities(RDs) on triploids. This research aimed to estimate the impacts of RDs on the growth, immunity, and antioxidant activity of triploid rainbow trout. A total of 1071 fish (35.16 ± 1.10 g) were randomly stocked into 18 fiberglass tanks and divided into six groups based on RD, including 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kg/m ³ . After 70 days, final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly higher and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in rainbow trout reared at 20, 30, and 40 kg/m ³ in comparison with fish reared at 50 and 60 kg/m ³ ( p < 0.05). Serum cortisol level was highest in fish reared at 60 kg/m ³ , then RD50 group, and lower in other groups; cortisol level of RD20 and RD30 groups was also significantly lower than the RD10 fish ( p < 0.05). Moreover, serum lactate level was significantly higher and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and lysozyme activity and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly decreased in fish reared at 50 and 60 kg/m ³ compared to 20, 30, and 40 kg/m ³ ( p < 0.05). Serum osmolality and total immunoglobulin content and liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly decreased in fish reared at 10, 50, and 60 kg/m ³ compared to other groups ( p < 0.05). Serum alternative complement (ACH50) activity and globulin content were also significantly lower in RD50 and RD60 groups compared to the other groups ( p < 0.05). In addition, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content was highest in RD60 group, then RD50, followed by RD10, and lowest in other groups. Overall, the optimal RDs for juvenile triploid rainbow trout can be suggested to the fish farmers at intermediate densities of 20–40 kg/m ³ .