Rafał Rajczyk

Biomass combustion for the production of electricity and heat remains one of the most widespread renewable energy technologies. Biomass is commonly utilized in fluidized bed combustion systems. Over the years, numerous issues related to the preparation and combustion of biomass in fluidized beds have been identified, including fouling and slagging, which involve the formation of deposits. These phenomena can be mitigated through various methods, including design modifications to boilers, the application of additives, and the careful selection and classification of fuel. Several fuel indices have been proposed to predict the behavior of fuels in terms of their tendency to cause fouling and slagging. Most of these indices were developed for fossil fuels, and the discrepancies between them suggest that although these indices are widely applied, their applicability to agricultural residues, such as straw, remains uncertain. Researchers working in this field emphasize the need for further research, particularly focusing on the comparison of developed indices with the results of biomass combustion at both laboratory and industrial scales. In this study, ten assortments of straw sourced from Poland were selected, and chemical composition analyses were conducted to determine selected fuel indices. The analyzed straw samples were then combusted in a 100 kWₜₕ laboratory-scale circulating fluidized bed unit. Using a specialized austenitic steel probe, the growth rate of the deposit was measured. The collected deposit masses for each straw type were then compared with the calculated fuel indices. The best correlation between the interpretation of the index values and the deposit mass on the probe was observed for the Rs index. However, due to the low sulfur content of straw, Rs numerical interpretation was not adequate. Overall, the indices indicating both good correlation coefficients and an appropriate numerical interpretation for fouling tendency were B/A, Fu, and Cl.