Trang Truong Laursen

The global demand for intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy continues to rise, straining ophthalmic capacity worldwide. Task shifting from physicians to trained non‐physician healthcare professionals has emerged as a potential strategy to expand service delivery. This systematic review summarizes current evidence on the safety, implementation, training and patient experiences associated with non‐physician‐delivered intravitreal injection services. We systematically searched 13 scientific literature databases for studies of anti‐VEGF injections performed by non‐physicians. Data were extracted on safety outcomes, implementation, training, supervision and patient‐reported experience. Results from individual studies were qualitatively reviewed according to these four organizational themes. Sixteen studies comprising 100 150 injections were included, primarily from the United Kingdom and Scandinavia. All injectors completed structured training under an ophthalmologist's supervision. Complication rates were very low, including 0.015%–0.07% for endophthalmitis which were comparable to physician‐led benchmarks. Implementation of non‐physician‐delivered intravitreal injection services increased clinical capacity by 25%–85%, reduced waiting times and costs, and maintained safety and efficiency. Patients reported high satisfaction, confidence and acceptance of non‐physician‐delivered injections. Non‐physician‐delivered intravitreal injection services are safe, feasible and well accepted when supported by structured training and robust governance frameworks. This task‐shifting model offers a scalable solution to meet growing global demand for anti‐VEGF therapy. Standardized international training and certification frameworks may further enhance safety and sustainability.

Resumé Introduktion Kontinuerlig faglig udvikling af sygeplejersker er afgørende for at opretholde kvaliteten af patientbehandling. Dette studie undersøger anvendelsen af generiske kompetencekort, som er implementeret på Øjenafdelingen ved Odense Universitetshospital – Svendborg Sygehus (OUH) for at strukturere læring og evaluering af kompetencer blandt sygeplejersker. Metode Et kvalitativt design blev anvendt med fokusgruppeinterviews af 20 sygeplejersker, herunder både ambulatorie- og operationssygeplejersker. Interviewene blev analyseret tematisk for at belyse erfaringer med, og perspektiver på kompetencekortene. Resultater Analysen identificerede fem hovedtemaer: 1) Introduktion til generiske kompetencekort 2) anvendelse af de generiske kompetencekort i daglig praksis 3) Refleksion og læringseffekter i klinisk praksis 4) Tids- og ressourcemæssige udfordringer 5) Forslag til forbedringer. Sygeplejerskerne værdsatte kortenes struktur og bidrag til refleksion, men oplevede tidsmangel som en barriere. De efterspurgte mere praksisnære materialer og interaktive elementer for at øge anvendeligheden. Konklusion Generiske kompetencekort er et værdifuldt værktøj til at understøtte faglig udvikling, men deres succes afhænger af tilpasning til kliniske realiteter. Interaktive og visuelle forbedringer kan styrke integrationen i praksis og fremme læring. Nøgleord: Kompetenceudvikling, generiske kompetencekort, sygeplejersker, øjenafdelingen, kvalitativ forskning, klinisk praksis, patientbehandling, refleksiv analyse, læring og refleksion, implementering