Hartanti

This study reports the first isolation of an Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) strain, closely related to Enterobacter hormaechei (99.86% 16S rRNA identity), associated with bacterial blight symptoms in rice in Lampung, Indonesia. Acknowledging 16S rRNA limitations within ECC, species identification is reported cautiously, while pathogenicity profile fulfilled Modified Koch's Postulates. To address chemical bactericide limitations, we developed sustainable multiphase nanoparticles from chicken eggshell waste through mechanical and thermal decomposition approaches. The produced nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, TEM, FTIR, SEM-EDS, PSA, and UV-DRS. The results showed that the nanoparticles consisting of Ca(OH)2, CaO, and β-tricalcium phosphate, with a dimension of 11–31 nm (XRD) and 20–23 nm (TEM). The FT-IR/EDS data confirmed OH⁻, Ca, O, and P elements, while UV-DRS showed a bandgap energy of 5.96 eV. Descriptive statistical analysis (n=6) evaluated antibacterial activity via disk diffusion (20 µg/disk) against the ECC isolate, compared to ampicillin sulbactam (SAM 20). Nanoparticles yielded a mean inhibition zone of 10.06±0.02 mm for responsive replicates, demonstrating moderate activity. Within the zones, bacterial cells showed morphological damage, likely caused by Ca²⁺ and OH⁻ release, inducing membrane disruption and oxidative stress. Furthermore, spatially graded element distribution (Ca, O, P) and β-TCP as a controlled release matrix support sustained bioactivity. These findings reveal eggshell-derived nanoparticles as a promising, economical, and environmentally friendly antibacterial agent for sustainable rice disease management.

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and cytotoxicity potential of ethyl acetate and acetone fractions from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.). The cacao pod husks were extracted and fractionated using ethyl acetate and acetone solvent. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was determined using Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase with p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) substrate. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina larvae to determine the Lethal Concentration (LC50). The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction and acetone fraction had LC50 values of 202.31 ppm and 360.07 ppm, respectively, indicating potential cytotoxic activity. Both fractions demonstrated weak alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with inhibition percentages below 50% at the highest tested concentration (60 ppm), preventing the determination of IC50 values. These findings suggest that while the fractions possess bioactive potential indicated by toxicity, they may not be effective alpha-glucosidase inhibitors under the tested conditions.

Association Between Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) with Serum Cholesterol in Young Adults