Fozilbek Nurjonov

Maqolada Xorazm viloyati g‘alla maydonlarida uchraydigan yovvoyi suli (Avena fatua L.) begona o‘ti g‘alla xosiliga jiddiy zarar yetkazishi va bu begona o‘tga qarshi kurash choralari yuzasidan olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Hosil yoʻqotishlar ayrim maydonnlarda 28% gacha yetganligini kuzatilgan.

Maqolada Xorazm viloyatining sug‘oriladigan bug‘doy agrotsenozlarida oddiy qamish — Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.ning tarqalishi dala monitoringi, GPS va geografik axborot tizimlari (GAT) asosida o‘rganildi. Tadqiqotlar Qo‘shko‘pir, Bog‘ot, Xazorasp, Yangibozor, Tuproqqal’a va Xonqa tumanlarida olib borilib, jami 40 ta fermer xo‘jaligining 66 ta monitoring nuqtasi qamrab olindi. Monitoring nuqtalarining 37,9 % Qo‘shko‘pir, 24,2 % Bog‘ot, 16,7 % Xazorasp, 12,1 % Yangibozor hamda 4,5 % dan Tuproqqal’a va Xonqa tumanlariga to‘g‘ri keldi. Ayrim nazorat maydonlarida GPS va fotomonitoring uyg‘unlashtirilib, Yangibozordagi “Bo‘zqala Nur jahon”, Xazoraspdagi “Sotiboldi Kulol” va Qo‘shko‘pirdagi “Odamboy Xursand” fermer xo‘jaliklarida qamish uchragan maydonlar geografik jihatdan o`rganildi. GAT yondashuvi qamish o‘choqlarini fazoviy qayd etish, takroriy kuzatuvlar va manzilli boshqaruv choralarini rejalashtirish uchun ilmiy-uslubiy asos yaratadi.

Microsporidia are intracellular parasites of animals and some protists. They are promising agents of biological protection of plants against insect pests in which they cause chronic diseases, ultimately leading to death. In this study, five species of microsporidia of the genus Nosema from different Lepidoptera (the silkworm, cotton bollworm, cinnabar moth, beet webworm, and European corn borer) were tested for their ability to infect larvae of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Infection was orally induced by feeding fresh potato leaves treated with microsporidian spores. Only the microsporidium Nosema sp. NspHA from the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) had a negative impact on the growth of the Colorado potato beetle, resulting in delayed development and abnormalities during metamorphosis. Insect mortality was also increased after treatment with spores of Nosema polyvora (Blunck) from the cabbage white Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus). Further studies will include testing low doses of these isolates on beetle larvae and assessing their impact on the viability and fertility of the offspring of infected beetles.

The Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) is one of the most economically significant locust species in the Caucasus and Central Asia. In the past, the Mediterranean region also experienced severe damage to crops and pastures, until widespread grassland conversion to cropland began in the second half of the 20th century. However, climate change, environmental shifts, land-use changes, cropland abandonment, and overgrazing are likely to alter the spatial distribution and outbreak patterns of this pest. Understanding potential changes and geographic shifts is essential for proactive pest management, including effective monitoring and control strategies. In this study, we apply Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) using 12 machine learning algorithms, historical survey data covering the species’ full distribution range, and relevant abiotic variables to identify the most suitable areas for potential mass breeding during 1991–2020 and the near future (2021–2040), based on the “middle-of-the-road” Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP2-4.5) scenario. Our results indicate significant regional shifts. Notably, breeding suitability is projected to increase in parts of Greece, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In contrast, countries such as Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Spain are likely to experience a decline in optimal breeding areas. The forecast results support field observations of a geographical shift northward and toward higher altitudes. Additionally, higher temperatures in suitable areas suggest more drought-like conditions, which typically promote locust population explosions and outbreaks. If left unaddressed, such outbreaks can cause severe economic damage to affected regions.

This article presents information on the development of egg pods of harmful locusts, their natural damage, as well as measures to combat them and proposed solutions