Jianxi Li
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Jianxi Li has a total of 12 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Bei Zhang
Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an 710109, China
1 shared publication - Jing Shao
Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an 710109, China
1 shared publication - Meng Wu
Key Laboratory of Archaeological Sciences and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
1 shared publication - Menghe Cui
Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an 710109, China
1 shared publication - Qixing Xia
Key Laboratory of Archaeological Exploration and Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology (Northwestern Polytechnical University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710129, China
1 shared publication - Shuzhi Wang
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
Scientific Characterization of Mural Materials from a Tubo-Period Tomb in Qinghai, China
The murals from Tomb No. 1 at Wulanquangou, Qinghai, China (633–842 CE), provide insights into mural materials and painting techniques during the Tibetan Empire. In this study, OM, SEM–EDS, XRD, μ-RS, FTIR, Py–GC/MS, ELISA, and LPSA were employed to characterize the mural materials and painting techniques. The murals comprise a multilayer structure consisting of brick and squared timber (Cupressus spp.) supports, an earthen ground layer, a lime ground layer, and a pigment layer. The lime ground is dominated by calcite, whereas the earthen ground consists mainly of fine-grained silty soil reinforced with highland barley fibers. Hematite, carbon black, and indigo were identified in the pigment layer, while animal glue was identified as the binding medium. The identification of indigo provides the first evidence of its use in a Tubo-period mural on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Similarities in mural structure and painting techniques between Wulanquangou Tomb No. 1 and high-status Tang tomb murals in Shaanxi and Gansu suggest possible technological exchanges between the Tibetan Empire and Tang China.
Open AccessScientific Characterization of Mural Materials from a Tubo-Period Tomb in Qinghai, China
The murals from Tomb No. 1 at Wulanquangou, Qinghai, China (633–842 CE), provide insights into mural materials and painting techniques during the Tibetan Empire. In this study, OM, SEM–EDS, XRD, μ-RS, FTIR, Py–GC/MS, ELISA, and LPSA were employed to characterize the mural materials and painting techniques. The murals comprise a multilayer structure consisting of brick and squared timber (Cupressus spp.) supports, an earthen ground layer, a lime ground layer, and a pigment layer. The lime ground is dominated by calcite, whereas the earthen ground consists mainly of fine-grained silty soil reinforced with highland barley fibers. Hematite, carbon black, and indigo were identified in the pigment layer, while animal glue was identified as the binding medium. The identification of indigo provides the first evidence of its use in a Tubo-period mural on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Similarities in mural structure and painting techniques between Wulanquangou Tomb No. 1 and high-status Tang tomb murals in Shaanxi and Gansu suggest possible technological exchanges between the Tibetan Empire and Tang China.
- Open Access
Analysis of the Fiber Residues Unearthed from the Dabuzi Han Tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi
In 2021, archeologists found that a bronze mirror was wrapped with a yellow-green fiber sheet in the Western Han tomb M68 in the Dabuzi Cemetery in Xi’an, China. To ascertain the composition and function, a scanning electronic microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were combined for the morphology and components’ analysis. The results showed that the surface of the yellow-green fiber sheet was very rough without curtain patterns, and the fiber was disorderly intertwined. The paper was quite thick with various thicknesses (the average thickness was 0.58 mm) and the average diameter of the fiber was 20.71 μm. There were obvious transverse joint stripes on the fiber cell with longitudinal stripes characteristic of ramie or hemp. The main ingredients were cellulose, semi-cellulose, and lignin. Based on the above comprehensive joint experiments, the yellow-green fiber sheet in M68 was presumably ancient hemp paper made with the fixed-mold method. Moreover, it was speculated to be a package material since no characters were found. This paper is of great significance for studying the Chinese fixed-mold paper-making technique and for understanding the origins and developmental trajectory of ancient paper-making technology.
Open AccessAnalysis of the Fiber Residues Unearthed from the Dabuzi Han Tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi
In 2021, archeologists found that a bronze mirror was wrapped with a yellow-green fiber sheet in the Western Han tomb M68 in the Dabuzi Cemetery in Xi’an, China. To ascertain the composition and function, a scanning electronic microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were combined for the morphology and components’ analysis. The results showed that the surface of the yellow-green fiber sheet was very rough without curtain patterns, and the fiber was disorderly intertwined. The paper was quite thick with various thicknesses (the average thickness was 0.58 mm) and the average diameter of the fiber was 20.71 μm. There were obvious transverse joint stripes on the fiber cell with longitudinal stripes characteristic of ramie or hemp. The main ingredients were cellulose, semi-cellulose, and lignin. Based on the above comprehensive joint experiments, the yellow-green fiber sheet in M68 was presumably ancient hemp paper made with the fixed-mold method. Moreover, it was speculated to be a package material since no characters were found. This paper is of great significance for studying the Chinese fixed-mold paper-making technique and for understanding the origins and developmental trajectory of ancient paper-making technology.