Adriana Guzmán Sánchez

Objectives: To evaluate kinanthropometric profiles, somatotypes, Phantom z-scores, and methodological discrepancies among nine body fat percentage (%BF) equations relative to the Katch & McArdle comparator equation across combat sports. Methods: Sixty-seven elite male athletes (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: n = 17, Muay Thai: n = 16, Wrestling: n = 16, Taekwondo: n = 18) underwent complete ISAK profiling. Differences across disciplines were assessed via ANOVA, while inter-equation agreement was evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, Bland–Altman metrics, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (ρ_c), and principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Striking and grappling disciplines exhibited distinct morphological profiles, with Taekwondo displaying an ecto-mesomorphic habitus versus the endo-mesomorphic profile of grappling combat sports. Substantial systematic differences and proportional biases were observed across %BF equations (p < 0.001). Withers demonstrated the highest agreement with the comparator equation, whereas Durnin & Womersley showed a marked positive bias. PCA ordination (accounting for 71.78% of variance) successfully separated morphological robusticity from linearity. Conclusions: Anthropometric %BF equations produce substantial systematic discrepancies and should not be considered interchangeable when monitoring combat athletes. External validation against an independent criterion method is required before establishing absolute body fat values.

El síndrome de burnout constituye un problema ocupacional relevante en enfermería de cuidados intensivos por la combinación de demandas clínicas, emocionales y organizacionales. El objetivo fue analizar su relación con la salud mental y el desempeño laboral en profesionales de enfermería de unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios primarios publicados entre 2020 y 2025. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed/MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, Scopus, SciELO y ScienceDirect; la selección siguió las fases de PRISMA 2020 y se desarrolló una síntesis temática comparativa. Se incluyeron 33 estudios de 20 países, con predominio de diseños transversales y del Maslach Burnout Inventory. El agotamiento emocional se relacionó de forma consistente con ansiedad, depresión, estrés, distrés moral y mala calidad del sueño. En el desempeño profesional, el burnout se vinculó principalmente con insatisfacción laboral, ambientes de práctica desfavorables, sobrecarga, intención de abandono y cuidados omitidos. La evidencia sobre eventos adversos objetivos fue limitada. Se concluye que el burnout coexiste con deterioro del bienestar psicológico y con condiciones laborales que pueden comprometer el cuidado, aunque el predominio de estudios transversales impide establecer causalidad.

Objectives: This study sought to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors associated with the absence versus presence of alterations in mental, neurological, cardiovascular, osteomuscular, and pulmonary conditions, to provide information towards targeted interventions for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in urban Colombian populations. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 2495 patients (70.1% women) from public health facilities in Bogotá, using the Colombia Open Data “Enfermedades Crónicas” dataset collected between January and December 2023. Associations between sociodemographic variables (sex, age groups, education, and ethnicity) and clinical variables (BMI, type of disability, COVID-19 vaccination status, psychiatric risk, and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale) were examined in relation to health outcomes. Data cleaning involved the exclusion of 107 outliers identified by z-scores >|3| using Microsoft Excel 365. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and proportions, and Pearson’s chi-square tests were applied to assess bivariate associations (e.g., BMI–health conditions, and sex–disability associations). Multivariable Firth’s penalized logistic regression models (implemented in Python 3.14 and Jamovi 2.3) were used to predict the absence of alteration (reference category: presence), adjusting for multicollinearity (variable inflation factor, VIF) and events-per-variable ratios. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and two-tailed p-values were estimated, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Women predominated in obesity (81% vs. 19% in men, p < 0.001) and in unaltered conditions (e.g., 71% of cases without pulmonary alterations) but exhibited a lower crude prevalence of disability (6% vs. 16% in men, p < 0.001). Men represented higher proportions of alterations (e.g., 53.8% of pulmonary cases vs. 46.2%, p = 0.006) and mental disabilities (70%, p < 0.001). Firth regression models identified the following predictors: for mental alteration, a single COVID-19 vaccine dose (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.12–5.09, p = 0.024), occupation (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.10, p < 0.001), BMI (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.98, p < 0.001), and disability (inverted OR = 4.35, 95% CI 2.56–7.69, p < 0.001); for neurological alteration, occupation (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.21, p < 0.001) and disability (inverted OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.43–8.33, p = 0.006); for cardiovascular alteration, BMI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, p = 0.042); for osteomuscular alteration, occupation (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.011); and for pulmonary alteration, occupation (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11, p = 0.001). The models demonstrated a moderate to excellent goodness-of-fit (R² = 0.25–0.72). Conclusions: Sex, BMI, disability status, occupation, and COVID-19 vaccination status emerged as key predictors of NCD-related alterations, highlighting specific vulnerabilities such as partial immunization for mental health risk, and disability for mental and neurological outcomes. Targeted interventions, including completion of vaccination schedules, mitigation of occupational exposure, BMI management, and disability-inclusive care, may reduce health disparities and support PAHO/WHO 2025 targets. Longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships in the context of Colombia’s fragmented subnational NCD evidence base.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictors of absence versus presence of alteration in system status to inform targeted interventions. Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis of 2495 patients (70.1% women) from Bogotá’s public health facilities (Colombia Open Data, 2023), associations were examined between sociodemographic factors (gender, age groups, education, ethnicity) and clinical variables (BMI, disability type, COVID-19 vaccination, psychiatric risk, dyspnea scale) with health outcomes. Chi-square tests identified bivariate associations, and multivariable logistic regression predicted absence of alteration (reference: presence of alteration), reporting odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and model fit indicators (deviance, AIC, McFadden’s R²). Outliers were removed using z-scores; significance was set at pResults: Women predominated in obesity (81% vs. 19% of men, pConclusions: Gender, BMI, disability, age, and education are key predictors in NCD-related system alterations. Interventions such as BMI management and education strategies may reduce disparities and support WHO 2025 targets. Longitudinal research is recommended to strengthen causal interpretations.

Background: Some studies have suggested that physical fitness and body composition may influence individual and collective performance. However, it is necessary to be able to define the relationships between these variables in soccer players of different ages. Objective: To determine the relation between physical fitness level, body composition, and somatotype in female youth soccer players in response to age. Materials and methods: A total of 56 players were evaluated: 19 early adolescents (EA–U13) with a body mass of 48.35 ± 5.67 kg and a height of 157.63 ± 5.55 cm, 21 middle adolescents (MA–U15) with a body mass of 54.02 ± 5.96 kg and a height of 160.37 ± 5.25 cm and 16 late adolescents (LA–U17) with a body mass of 55.37 ± 6.15 kg and a height of 162.39 ± 5.77 cm. The physical fitness tests were: Squat Jump (SJ), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Countermovement Jump with Arms (CMJA), Single Leg Countermovement Jump, COD-Timer 5-0-5, COD-Timer 5+5, Speed 15 m, Hamstring Strength, and Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocols were used to determine anthropometric measurements (skinfolds, circumferences, bone diameters), and the Heath-Carter method was used to assess body composition and somatotype, with z-scores calculated using the Phantom strategy. Results: The analysis revealed that the most significant differences between groups were observed in general anthropometric measurements (ω² = 0.84), followed by sitting height (ω² = 0.51) and percentage of body fat according to Carter’s method (ω² = 0.24), all with large and statistically significant effect sizes (p < 0.05). Larger muscle and bone dimensions, especially in the hip, thigh, and calf, are closely related to better strength, power, and initial sprint speed performance in female soccer players. Conclusions: This study reaffirms that muscle mass is a key predictor of athletic performance, along with strength at high speeds, promoting improvements in power and sprinting in the initial meters. Adiposity is a limiting factor for youth soccer players. Age progression and biological maturation favor the development of the mesomorphic profile, optimizing strength and power.