I. A. Novikova

Introduction. Diagnosis of neoplasms of the maxillofacial region remains one of the most acute and widely discussed problems in modern medicine. Despite the visual accessibility of this area, a significant part of malignant tumors are detected only at stages III–IV. In such cases, medical care is often focused only on palliative care, and radical intervention leads to severe functional defects and aesthetic disorders that require complex multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Aim. To determine the significance of certain biomarkers of the tumor process in unstimulated oral fluid (saliva) for the possibility of non-invasive diagnosis of tumors of the maxillofacial region at a dental appointment. Materials and methods. The study included patients with neoplasms of the maxillofacial region, divided into three main groups based on clinical, dental and morphological data. The object of the study was unstimulated oral fluid. The material was collected 30 minutes before or after a meal using disposable instruments in containers made of ultrapure polypropylene. Results. The study confirms that the composition of the oral fluid varies depending on the morphological type of the maxillofacial tumor. The combination of biomarkers MMP-8, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, NSE, CYFRA 21–1, AFP and CEA has high sensitivity and specificity (≥80 %), which makes them promising for the diagnosis and monitoring of the development of tumor processes. Conclusion. The use of saliva as a biomaterial for the determination of tumor markers is a highly effective and clinically justified method for diagnosing neoplasms of the maxillofacial region.

Inflammation of the submandibular region occurs quite often in dental practice. The ethology and clinical manifestations of this pathology are diverse and despite the great possibilities of conservative therapy, in some cases it is necessary to perform surgical intervention. The causes of inflammation in the submandibular region are odontogenic diseases, lymphadenopathies, sialorrhea, neoplasms of submandibular salivary glands and sialolithiases. The odontogenic abscesses (88.9 % of cases) and phlegmon (2.7–3.4 % of cases) of the maxillofacial region account for 88.9 % of oral infections. Odontogenic diseases are accompanied by impaired colonization resistance of the oral cavity and are of a big problem. Lifadenopathies in the submandibular region occur in 70 % of cases, while surgical treatment is required for 4 % of patients with this pathology, intensive postoperative medical therapy – 1.7 %, lethality occurs in 0.12 % of cases. Sialorrhea often develops in patients with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism, and neuromuscular or sensory dysfunctions. with low efficacy of anticholinergic drugs or botulinum toxin arministration, the main treatment is submandibular resection. Benign neoplasms of the submandibular salivary glands occur in 13 % of cases and are malignancies more often than tumors of the parotid gland. Neoplastic diseases of the submandibular glands of the maxillofacial region account for 34 to 54 %. The most common pathology of these glands is salivary stone disease which occurs in 80–90 % of cases.Aim. To analyze the main causes of inflammation in the submandibular region, requiring surgical intervention