Sara Carboni Marri
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Sara Carboni Marri has a total of 15 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Aldo Romani
University of Perugia
1 shared publication - Annelies Rios-Casier
AXIS Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
1 shared publication - Costanza Miliani
Institute of Heritage Science (CNR-ISPC), National Council of Research, 80134 Naples, Italy
1 shared publication - Ermanno Avranovich Clerici
Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
1 shared publication - Francesca Rosi
National Research Council, Istituto di Science e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) , Via Elce di Sotto 8
1 shared publication - Geert Van der Snickt
ARCHES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Mutsaardstraat 31, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium; AXIS Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 21 November 2025
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science Advances
- Vol. 11 (47) , eady1807
Discovering the dual degradation pathway of emerald green in oil paints: The effects of light and humidity
Emerald green, a copper acetoarsenite pigment, enriched the 19th-century and 20th-century artists’ palettes and caused darkening and fragilities in paintings. The accepted alteration mechanism involves the oxidation of triarsenite ions [(As 3 O 6 ) 3− ] to arsenates (AsO 4 3− ), although questions about the promoting factors and the origin of the oxidized arsenic remain unanswered. This study investigates the primary environmental parameters inducing alteration in the oil binder and elucidates the associated degradation pathways through a multiscale analytical approach, including noninvasive spectroscopic techniques and synchrotron radiation–based x-ray methods. By combining results from a historical oil painting by James Ensor (1860 to 1949) and artificially aged paint mock-ups, we identified ultraviolet A–visible light and humidity (relative humidity ≥ 95%) as key driving factors, inducing a dual degradation pathway: Light promotes surface-stratified arsenic oxidation (As 3+ → As 5+ ) resulting in amorphous As 5+ -rich compounds, whereas a dark, high moisture environment favors arsenolite (As 2 O 3 ) crystallization. In addition, a noninvasive analytical strategy is proposed for monitoring the conservation state of emerald green paints in historical artworks.
- 21 November 2025
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science Advances
- Vol. 11 (47) , eady1807
Open AccessDiscovering the dual degradation pathway of emerald green in oil paints: The effects of light and humidity
Emerald green, a copper acetoarsenite pigment, enriched the 19th-century and 20th-century artists’ palettes and caused darkening and fragilities in paintings. The accepted alteration mechanism involves the oxidation of triarsenite ions [(As 3 O 6 ) 3− ] to arsenates (AsO 4 3− ), although questions about the promoting factors and the origin of the oxidized arsenic remain unanswered. This study investigates the primary environmental parameters inducing alteration in the oil binder and elucidates the associated degradation pathways through a multiscale analytical approach, including noninvasive spectroscopic techniques and synchrotron radiation–based x-ray methods. By combining results from a historical oil painting by James Ensor (1860 to 1949) and artificially aged paint mock-ups, we identified ultraviolet A–visible light and humidity (relative humidity ≥ 95%) as key driving factors, inducing a dual degradation pathway: Light promotes surface-stratified arsenic oxidation (As 3+ → As 5+ ) resulting in amorphous As 5+ -rich compounds, whereas a dark, high moisture environment favors arsenolite (As 2 O 3 ) crystallization. In addition, a noninvasive analytical strategy is proposed for monitoring the conservation state of emerald green paints in historical artworks.