Agus Herianto

Environmental Geography in higher education faces challenges in empowering students to navigate complex ecological issues, a problem often exacerbated by traditional textbooks lacking real-world context. This hinders the development of essential critical thinking skills (CTS) and dispositions (CTD). Addressing this gap, this study developed and validated a constructivist-based textbook integrated with the project-based learning (PjBL) model. Employing an Educational Research and Development (R&D) design, the study encompassed expert validation, progressive preliminary trials, and a main operational field test involving 31 geography education students in Indonesia. Effectiveness was evaluated using a one-group pre-test-post-test design, utilizing the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and a rubric-based essay test. Results indicated that the textbook was highly valid across language, design, and content dimensions. Following implementation, students’ CTD significantly improved from the “fair” to “good” category (n-Gain = 0.12), and CTS advanced from the “poor” to “good” category (n-Gain = 0.37). Paired sample t-tests confirmed statistically significant enhancements for both variables (p < .001). Furthermore, student responses were overwhelmingly positive (82.19%), reflecting high pedagogical engagement. These findings demonstrate that integrating constructivist PjBL syntax into textbooks successfully bridges the gap between abstract theoretical knowledge and practical critical reasoning. This study advocates for the wider adoption of such interactive instructional materials to foster higher-order thinking in global geography curricula.

Community participation in this direct election as a form of political participation. The election of the Mayor of South Tangerang is an event for the people's democratic party that must take place in an atmosphere of joy, to build a country in diversity. information needs, as well as other matters related to the Regional Head Election, one of which is Political Campaigns. Research objectives, problems, audiences, objectives, selecting media, formulating messages, planning program management, monitoring and evaluation. The research method used is a qualitative method with the subject of informants from regional heads, consultants, success teams, and volunteer teams. The results and discussion of political campaigns must know what are the priorities to be resolved. The audience that will be addressed in a political campaign affects the form of the message that will be packaged. Political actions defined in political campaigns. The right media determines the formation of public opinion carried out in the campaign process. the power of the media to reach large audiences and spread greatly helps campaign success. Messages are constructed and packaged appropriately according to the target audience. Messages are packaged and produced in various forms in mass media, social media, and outdoor media with good management program planning. And carry out continuous monitoring and evaluation.