Aro Daniela Arockiam

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has been associated with elevated cardiovascular risks. However, the impact of IBD on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and procedural outcomes of PCI in patients with concurrent IBD. Methods: This study utilized the National Readmission Database from 2016 to 2020 to evaluate outcomes such as all-cause mortality and post-PCI complications, including various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (GI) complications in IBD patients undergoing PCI. Patients with concurrent IBD and PCI were compared to non-IBD controls via multivariable logistic regression. Results: On propensity-score-matching analysis, IBD patients undergoing PCI had a higher prevalence of GI complications, including acute liver failure (Odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.93, p = 0.004), mesenteric ischemia (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.56–18.40, p = 0.007), and need for blood transfusion (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.46–2.08, p < 0.001). There was also a higher rate of cardiac complications (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.64, p = 0.017). No significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72–1.04, p = 0.113) was observed. Conclusions: IBD patients undergoing PCI face increased GI and cardiovascular complications without a significant mortality difference. These findings highlight the complex interplay between systemic inflammation, vascular integrity, and procedural outcomes in IBD patients.

Pericardial cysts (PCs) are rare, benign congenital abnormalities that are encountered as mediastinal lesions. Despite their rarity, they remain clinically important due to their potential to mimic other mediastinal or cardiac pathologies and their capacity, in select cases, to cause significant complications. PCs are typically identified incidentally on imaging studies such as chest x-ray or transthoracic echocardiography, as most patients remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. When symptoms do occur, they are often nonspecific and related to compression of adjacent structures. Serious complications—including infection, rupture, and, rarely, cardiac tamponade—have been reported, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate follow-up. Definitive characterization of PCs is best achieved using advanced imaging modalities such as cardiac computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which help differentiate PCs from other mediastinal masses. While many PCs remain stable or even regress spontaneously, intervention may be warranted for symptomatic patients, enlarging cysts, or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Therapeutic options include percutaneous aspiration, which carries a risk of recurrence, and surgical resection, which offers definitive treatment with excellent outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnosis, complications, and management strategies for PCs.

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