Bartłomiej Labut

Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures, reduces quality of life, and increases the risk of unexpected death. The development of seizure-detection systems through mobile health technology has become possible due to rapid progress in wearable sensor technology and portable electroencephalography devices, and smartphone-based applications. This review examines existing research on these tools, which help treat epilepsy in both adult and paediatric patients. A medical literature search from 2015 to 2025 included systematic reviews and meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, and clinical guidelines evaluating seizure-detection precision, self-management tools, telemonitoring functions, and patient-reported outcomes. Mobile applications which allow users to track seizures, send medication alerts, and access educational content show potential to enhance treatment compliance, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness. The combination of wearable devices with portable electroencephalography technology allows extended surveillance which successfully identifies generalised tonic-clonic seizures in clinical tests; however, their performance decreases when used in home environments because of increased false alerts. Telemedicine systems that combine application data with detector information allow healthcare providers to track patients remotely, which results in enhanced safety results for patients who have recurring seizures or nocturnal events. Future research should evaluate the medical value and deployment methods of mobile applications, wearable devices, and portable electroencephalography systems which show promise as innovative epilepsy treatment solutions.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia has become one of the main, modifiable risk factors to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Diet modification and lipid‑lowering pharmacotherapy are standard of care, but some patients decline these options. Regular physical activity can improve lipid profile and blood pressure without any medications and diet . Aim: To evaluate the effect of regular, multicomponent physical activity, without concurrent dietary change or pharmacotherapy on lipid profile, blood pressure and body mass in a previously inactive 62‑year‑old man. Material and methods: A 62‑year‑old male patient with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and LDL‑cholesterol (LDL‑C) , previously sedentary, declined diet modification and lipid‑lowering medications. In April 2025 he initiated a multicomponent program: running ( 5 km, three times per week), swimming (twice per week), and resistance training (twice per Results: Over 6 months, TC decreased from 217 to 174 mg/dL (−19.8%; 5.61 to 4.50 mmol/L), LDL‑C from 147 to 116 mg/dL (−21.1%; 3.81 to 3.00 mmol/L), and HDL‑C increased from 49 to 54 mg/dL (+10.2%; 1.27 to 1.40 mmol/L). Non‑HDL cholesterol declined from 168 to 120 mg/dL (−28.6%; 4.35 to 3.10 mmol/L). Blood pressure decreased from 135/85 to 122/80 mmHg, and body mass from 85 to 83 kg (−2.4%). Conclusions: In this previously inactive adult, 6 months of systematic, multicomponent physical activity without dietary or pharmacologic changes was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in LDL‑C, non‑HDL cholesterol, HDL‑C, blood pressure and body mass. The case supports multicomponent exercise as a practical, non‑pharmacologic intervention in primary prevention for patients declining standard lipid‑lowering strategies.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia has become one of the main, modifiable risk factors to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Diet modification and lipid‑lowering pharmacotherapy are standard of care, but some patients decline these options. Regular physical activity can improve lipid profile and blood pressure without any medications and diet . Aim: To evaluate the effect of regular, multicomponent physical activity, without concurrent dietary change or pharmacotherapy on lipid profile, blood pressure and body mass in a previously inactive 62‑year‑old man. Material and methods: A 62‑year‑old male patient with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and LDL‑cholesterol (LDL‑C) , previously sedentary, declined diet modification and lipid‑lowering medications. In April 2025 he initiated a multicomponent program: running ( 5 km, three times per week), swimming (twice per week), and resistance training (twice per Results: Over 6 months, TC decreased from 217 to 174 mg/dL (−19.8%; 5.61 to 4.50 mmol/L), LDL‑C from 147 to 116 mg/dL (−21.1%; 3.81 to 3.00 mmol/L), and HDL‑C increased from 49 to 54 mg/dL (+10.2%; 1.27 to 1.40 mmol/L). Non‑HDL cholesterol declined from 168 to 120 mg/dL (−28.6%; 4.35 to 3.10 mmol/L). Blood pressure decreased from 135/85 to 122/80 mmHg, and body mass from 85 to 83 kg (−2.4%). Conclusions: In this previously inactive adult, 6 months of systematic, multicomponent physical activity without dietary or pharmacologic changes was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in LDL‑C, non‑HDL cholesterol, HDL‑C, blood pressure and body mass. The case supports multicomponent exercise as a practical, non‑pharmacologic intervention in primary prevention for patients declining standard lipid‑lowering strategies.

High-intensity physical exercise leads to exertional rhabdomyolysis which causes muscle tissue destruction and myoglobin leakage that results in acute kidney damage. The development of exertional rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney injury has been linked to two main factors: dehydration and performing extreme physical activities. The main objective of this case report involves showing a person who developed rhabdomyolysis with kidney failure following their CrossFit workout at maximum intensity and we will examine the elements which increase the risk of this condition. A 25-year-old male patient developed rhabdomyolysis symptoms after his high-intensity CrossFit workout. The patient's medical background, laboratory results and treatment progression were studied. The patient arrived at the hospital multiple hours after his exercise because his muscles were extremely painful and his urine had turned dark. The patient developed elevated creatine kinase levels and myoglobinuria and elevated serum creatinine which indicated acute kidney injury. The patient's medical history showed he had not drunk enough water and he was taking creatine supplements at the same time. The patient received aggressive intravenous fluid treatment which brought his test results back to normal and restored his kidney function and he fully recovered within several days. Exertional rhabdomyolysis represents a rare but dangerous condition that occurs when people perform excessive physical activity which can cause their kidneys to fail. The treatment of this condition requires immediate medical care and strong therapeutic methods to prevent severe complications from occurring. The prevention of exertional rhabdomyolysis requires healthcare providers to monitor athletes for dehydration and high-intensity exercise during their training sessions.

Background. Women and older adults and patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction experience rUTIs as a common and troublesome condition which causes pain and sleep disturbances and psychological issues and life quality deterioration and multiple antibiotic treatments. The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance and microbiota disruption has led scientists to explore alternative preventive methods which do not involve antibiotics like OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) bacterial lysates. Aim. The research examines rUTIs pathogenesis and treatment limitations through an analysis of OM-89 oral bacterial lysate immunological effects and clinical data on rUTI prevention in physically active adults and athletes. Material and methods. The research team conducted a narrative review of published studies through database searches of PubMed Scopus Web of Science and Google Scholar from 1989 to 2025. The search terms used for this review included “bacterial lysate” and “OM-89” and “Uro-Vaxom” and “urinary tract infection” and “recurrent UTI” and “immunotherapy” and “mucosal immunity” and “non-antibiotic prophylaxis” and “athletes” and “physically active adults”. Results. Experimental studies show that oral bacterial lysates enhance host defence by activating antigen-presenting cells, increasing secretory IgA and systemic IgG and inducing trained immunity. Conclusions. The protected non-antibiotic solution OM-89 in oral bacterial lysates serves as a preventive treatment for rUTI because it strengthens host defenses instead of directly eliminating pathogens. The development of sports medicine research must establish quantitative measures for training availability and time-loss illness and performance impact while creating optimal preventive strategies for athletes.