Tanvir Ahmad

Background and Aims: Mpox has recently re‐emerged as a significant global health concern, highlighting the importance of public awareness and preventive measures. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding Mpox and its epidemiology, prevention, and control measures among the general population of Bangladesh. Methods: A community‐based cross‐sectional survey was conducted from June 2024 to September 2024 among 1002 participants across 16 districts, using a multi‐stage random sampling approach following STROBE guidelines. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between sociodemographic factors and KAP outcomes. Results: Out of 1002 respondents, only 37.2% demonstrated good knowledge of Mpox, while 74.0% had positive attitudes, and 80.0% reported satisfactory preventive practices. Awareness of Mpox as a viral disease was limited (37.3%), and only 22.5% knew about the protective role of smallpox vaccination. Higher education was strongly associated with good knowledge (AOR = 11.8; 95% CI: 5.61–25.8), positive attitudes (AOR = 5.68; 95% CI: 2.63–12.5), and satisfactory practices (AOR = 6.49; 95% CI: 2.62–16.8). Non‐border residents were more likely to report positive attitudes (AOR = 3.07; p < 0.001) and satisfactory practices (AOR = 3.84; p < 0.001). Urban (AOR = 2.28; p = 0.003) and semi‐urban (AOR = 2.19; p = 0.014) participants showed more positive attitudes. Attitudes and practices showed the strongest correlation ( ρ = 0.793, p < 0.001), indicating a strong association between attitudes and preventive practices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that gaps in awareness and training are associated with suboptimal practices, highlighting potential areas for targeted educational interventions. Strengthening community‐level awareness and preparedness may support public health readiness for potential Mpox outbreaks in Bangladesh.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global health crisis, driven largely by the mobility of resistance determinants through mobile genetic elements (MGEs). These include plasmids, integrons, insertion sequences, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophages, which together facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) across bacterial species and ecosystems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the types, mechanisms, ecological drivers, and impacts of MGEs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Methods involved critical evaluation of recent genomic, epidemiological, and ecological studies, alongside case studies of clinically significant resistance outbreaks. Findings highlight how MGEs function as hubs for ARG capture, recombination, and stabilization, enabling the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens. We also explored their interactions with ecological pressures such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and biocides, as well as their role in One Health transmission pathways. The significance of this study lies in linking molecular insights with applied strategies, including genomic surveillance, MGE-targeted inhibitors, phage therapy, and CRISPR-based interventions. Understanding MGEs is essential for designing effective interventions to mitigate AMR and protect global health.

Over the past two decades, genome editing has advanced dramatically from Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) to more refined systems such as CRISPR-Cas9, prime editing, and nanoCas technologies. These innovations have opened new frontiers in cancer treatment. This review aims to critically examine and compare recent advances in these genome editing platforms, with a focus on their molecular mechanisms, delivery challenges, oncological applications, and clinical prospects. We systematically explore how CRISPR-Cas9 enables gene knockouts, high-throughput functional genomic screens, and immune editing, while acknowledging its limitations due to off-target effects and genotoxicity. In contrast, base and prime editors offer precise, double-strand breaks (DSBs) free alternatives, suitable for correcting oncogenic mutations such as TP53, KRAS, and EGFR. Prime editing, although versatile, faces delivery and efficiency challenges. The emergence of nanoCas systems, derived from compact Cas orthologs, provides promising delivery advantages for in vivo applications. We also examine how tumor microenvironment, cell-type specificity, and immune barriers impact editing efficacy and safety. Strategies such as high-fidelity variants, optimized guide RNAs, and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are discussed to enhance precision and minimize risk. Conclusively, integrating these genome editing tools into oncology requires addressing translational barriers while harnessing their precision and therapeutic potential for next-generation cancer treatments.