Hong Cheng

A taxonomic study of the genus Bolbitius from northeast China was conducted, based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed, based on a combined multi-locus dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (nrLSU) and translation elongation factor 1-α ( tef1-α ) sequences. As a result, two new species are described and illustrated: Bolbitius planoflavus , characterised by its distinctly applanate, pale yellow pileus when mature and the presence of occasional 2-spored basidia; and Bolbitius fuscopapillatus , distinguished by its violet-brown papillate umbo and purplish-white margin bearing faint veil remnants. Additionally, Bolbitius bisporus is reported as a new record for China. Detailed morphological descriptions, colour photographs and comparisons with closely-related taxa are provided.

Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the new species Gymnopilus poaceophilus (Hymenogastraceae) is described from Mongolia. It inhabits grasslands and is characterized by a golden yellow to brownish orange pileus that has a cracked surface and lacks scales. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS and LSU sequences confirm that G. poaceophilus forms a distinct lineage, sister to a clade containing G. aeruginosus, G. subpurpuratus, G. luteofolius, G. suberis, and G. hispidus. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship with these species, G. poaceophilus can be clearly distinguished from them by a combination of its unique ecological and morphological features. A comprehensive description and illustrations are provided for the new species.

Panaeolus is a genus of small, dark-sporeda agarics within the family Galeropsidaceae. Based on the majority of specimens collected from China, this study investigated the genus Panaeolus and identified 17 species. These include four new species: Panaeolus bambusicola, Panaeolus latifolius, Panaeolus praecox, and Panaeolus ovinus; and one new record for China: Panaeolus fraxinophilus. The new species and the newly recorded species for China are morphologically described and illustrated. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α, rpb2) was conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Combined morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports the reduction in the genus Crucispora to a subgenus within Panaeolus, accommodating P. rhombispermus.

Panaeolus is a genus of small, dark-spored agarics within the family Galeropsidaceae Singer. Based on the majority of specimens collected from China, this study investigated the genus Panaeolus and identified 17 species. These include four new species: Panaeolus bambusicola, P. latifolius, P. praecox, and P. ovinus; and one new record for China: P. fraxinophilus. The new species and the newly recorded species for China are morphologically described and illustrated. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, nrLSU, tef1-α, rpb2) was conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Combined morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports the reduction of the genus Crucispora to a subgenus within Panaeolus, accommodating P. rhombispermus.

Conobolbitina is a morphologically diverse transitional genus within the Bolbitiaceae. However, taxonomic confusion persists, as some of its species remain classified under other genera, and its section Verrucisporae has been recovered as paraphyletic. This study revises the subdivision of Conobolbitina using integrated morphological and phylogenetic analyses of specimens from Jilin Province, China. A combined dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef 1-α) sequences was analyzed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Phylogenetic results revealed four major monophyletic clades within Conobolbitina , corresponding to its four sections. In sect. Conobolbitina , new combinations are proposed for two species, Con. sulcata and Con. striipes . In sect. Aeruginosa , Con. atrocyanea is newly combined. For sect. Verrucisporae , its circumscription is revised by excluding the taxa responsible for its paraphyly, and a new combination, Con. australis , is proposed. To accommodate the excluded taxa from sect. Verrucisporae , a new section, sect. Lignicola , is established based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Within this new section, three species, Con. glutinosa , Con. viscosa , and Con. sibirica , are newly combined, and two new species, Con. lignicola sp. nov . and Con. fuscoviolacea sp. nov ., are described. Through these revisions, the taxonomic positions of several species are clarified, and the paraphyly of sect. Verrucisporae is resolved. In total, this study revises and recognizes 10 new taxonomic entities, including one new section, two new species, and seven new combinations. An identification key to the Chinese species of Conobolbitina is provided, along with morphological descriptions and line drawings for the two new species.