Jian Guo

An Integrated Energy System (IES) integrates electricity, heat, and natural gas, optimizing energy use and management efficiency. These systems connect to a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) for demand response dispatch in the electricity market. However, the impact of VPP load on the IES is often overlooked, which can limit the IES’s effective market participation and stability. To address this issue, this study introduces a two-layer collaborative model to coordinate VPP scheduling for multiple IES units, aiming to improve collaboration efficiency. The upper level involves the VPP setting electricity prices based on load conditions, guiding IES units to adjust their market strategies. At the lower level, the model encourages integration and optimization of different energy types within the IES through enhanced energy interactions. Additionally, the application of the Shapley value method ensures fair benefit distribution among all IES members. This approach supports equitable economic outcomes for all participants in the energy market. The model employs a multi-strategy improved Dung Beetle Optimizer (FSGDBO) combined with commercial solver techniques for efficient problem-solving. Experimental results demonstrate that the model significantly enhances the VPP’s peak-shaving and valley-filling capabilities while preserving the economic interests of the IES alliances, thereby boosting overall energy management effectiveness.