Hari Arbiantara Basuki

Used cooking oil is a waste product with great potential as a raw material for biodiesel production through transesterification. This study was conducted to determine the effect of transesterification reaction temperature on biodiesel yield and quality. The biodiesel production process includes a degumming step to remove gums by adding 1% H₃PO₄. This is then followed by transesterification using 1% NaOH as the catalyst, an oil-to-methanol ratio of 1:0.5, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, and a reaction time of 60 minutes. The transesterification reaction temperatures were 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. The results showed that the reaction temperature significantly affected the yield and physical quality of biodiesel. The highest yield was 85.85% at 40°C, while the lowest was 80.37% at 70°C. The maximum viscosity was observed at 60°C (6.0 cSt), and the minimum at 70°C (5.71 cSt). The highest density was 0.8620 g/mL at 50 °C, and the lowest was 0.8607 g/mL at 40 °C. The highest flash point was 40°C at 173.27°C, and the lowest was 70°C at 164.97°C. The results showed that the biodiesel produced met the quality standards of SNI 7182:2015, thus supporting its suitability as an alternative fuel derived from used cooking oil.

PT X has consistently implemented Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) to improve operational efficiency and company productivity. On the other hand, the concept of Six Big Losses is very closely related to TPM. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the application of the Six Big Losses concept in factory management, focusing on case studies at PT X and using fishbone diagrams to identify the root causes of problems. Data from the breakdown that happened in March was analyzed, highlighting the damage caused by Pal Teflon in factory operations. The research results show that through this approach, companies can identify and handle operational problems more effectively, reflected in decreased breakdown values after corrective action. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing Six Big Losses as an effective management tool in increasing factory efficiency and productivity. The practical implication of this research is that companies can use the same approach to optimize their operations, with a focus on identifying root causes and implementing appropriate corrective actions.