Stephany Paladines-Calle

Advances in cell biology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering have expanded the possibilities of regenerative dentistry, promoting a shift from tissue replacement toward biologically driven strategies aimed at restoring tissue structure and function. This review examines advances reported between 2020 and 2025, considering their biological basis, current evidence, and level of clinical translation. Major developments include regenerative endodontics, periodontal regeneration, guided tissue and bone regeneration, platelet concentrates, bioactive biomaterials, dental stem cells and cell-free therapies, biomimetic enamel regeneration, and organoid and whole-tooth bioengineering. Although some approaches are already supported by human evidence and clinical application, others remain predominantly experimental. Importantly, favorable healing or tissue formation does not necessarily represent complete functional regeneration of the native tissue. Greater standardization, long-term clinical evidence, and reproducible therapeutic protocols are therefore needed to bridge the gap between experimental advances and predictable clinical outcomes.

Intraluminal unicystic ameloblastoma is characterized by tumor proliferation confined to the cystic lumen, without invasion of the supporting connective tissue, a feature that has led some authors to regard it as particularly suited to conservative surgical treatment. Objective: This study aims to describe the conservative two-stage management of a mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma with an intraluminal pattern, treated by decompression followed by enucleation with the aim of avoiding mandibular resection. Case Report: A 24-year-old female patient presented with a slight swelling in the right mandibular angle that had evolved over two years without prior treatment. Panoramic radiography revealed a well-defined radiolucent lesion extending from the mesial surface of the right mandibular second molar through the mandibular ramus to the ipsilateral coronoid process. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the lesion as a hypodense area measuring approximately 6 × 3.4 × 2.9 cm. A two-stage surgical approach was performed: the first stage consisted of an incisional biopsy and the placement of a decompression tube for six months; the second stage consisted of enucleation of the lesion. The definitive histopathological diagnosis was intraluminal unicystic ameloblastoma with a plexiform growth pattern. The surgical procedures were completed without preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative complications. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 3 and 6 months and at 1 and 2 years after the initial surgical stage. Conclusions: At 24 months from the initiation of treatment, the outcome was favorable, with evidence of mandibular bone apposition and no signs of lesion recurrence.

Background/Objectives: Interest in Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma (OKS) has declined recently, potentially causing diagnostic errors due to physicians’ unfamiliarity with its presentation. This review describes clinical and demographic characteristics of OKS patients across epidemiological groups. Methods: A literature search of studies published from 1957 to December 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies with confirmed oral Kaposi sarcoma were included, while those with incomplete data were excluded. Cases were grouped into classic, endemic, epidemic (AIDS-related), iatrogenic, and HIV-negative males who have sex with males. Sex distribution, mean age, clinical appearance, lesion topography, and cause-related information for iatrogenic forms were recorded. Results: A total of 1812 articles were identified through database search. During initial screening, 1162 articles were excluded as duplicates. Of the remaining 650 papers, 338 were dismissed based on title and Of the remaining 312 articles for full-text review, 93 could not be accessed, leaving 219 articles for analysis. After screening, 123 were excluded, resulting in 117 articles for review. These were categorized as: 16 classical KS, 7 endemic-African, 20 iatrogenic, 70 epidemic-HIV/AIDS-related, and four articles reporting cases among MSM not related to HIV infection. A total of 152 patients with OKS were analyzed. Mean age was 38.04 years (range, 2–86 years), and 75% were male. Of all cases, 64.4% were epidemic, 13.8% iatrogenic, 10.5% classical, and 4.6% endemic. The palate was most common (44.6% of lesions), followed by gingiva (25.3%). Nodular or papular presentations were most frequent. Conclusions. OKS occurs in all KS epidemiological forms, and since this tumor can mimic gingival and periodontal lesions, dentists and physicians must be alert to identify oral Kaposi’s sarcoma.