Sh. Imomov

This article presents the results of research devoted to improving the thermal regime of a small-scale biogas plant operating under the conditions of Uzbekistan and utilizing solar energy. The study optimized the constructive and energetic parameters of a cylindrical solar-heated biogas plant. The main part of the plant is a bioreactor equipped with a solar heating system, designed for anaerobic fermentation of organic materials to produce biogas and organic fertilizer (humus). During the research, the amount of solar radiation, daily variations of ambient and bioreactor temperatures, and the dynamics of biogas production were analyzed. The results showed a stable increase in biogas production, which demonstrates the efficiency of using solar energy and highlights the importance of maintaining the optimal thermal regime of the bioreactor. Changes in the composition of biogas under mesophilic and psychrophilic regimes were also studied. The final conclusion emphasizes that temperature plays a key role in ensuring the stability of the fermentation process in small-capacity biogas plants, and that mathematical modeling of thermal processes is essential.

This article is dedicated to substantiating the movement path of the semicylindrical mold in a device for preparing seedling planting cups. It emphasizes that modern agriculture cannot be imagined without mineral fertilizers, which play a crucial role in increasing crop yields. However, improper or excessive use of these fertilizers leads to various negative consequences, such as soil salinization and degradation. Excessive use of nitrates and phosphates disrupts the chemical balance of the soil, and prolonged application reduces the natural fertility of the soil. Insoluble compounds accumulate in the soil, causing phosphate fertilizers to react with iron, aluminum, or calcium, making phosphorus unavailable for plant uptake. To address these undesirable effects positively, the theoretical analysis results of a device for preparing seedling trays using biohydrohumus are presented. In addition, theoretical studies have determined that the surface area of the groove where the biohumus falls into the compression cylinder is S = 96 sm2; the installation angle of the loading container on the compression cylinder, calculated according to the expression, is α = 420; the pushing path of the biohumus is ls =9 sm; the length of the protective plug is lx = 23 sm, the length of the compression cylinder is lu = 56 sm; the inner diameter of the semicylindrical molds is Qd = 10 sm; the opening gap of the semicylindrical molds is LQ =16 sm; the installation spacing of the driving pneumatic cylinders of the semicylindrical molds is Lo = 36 sm; and the working surface area of the compression cylinder in friction with the biohumus is Ss = 628 sm2