Matheus Antoni da Silva Costa

Background: Oral metastases from lung cancer are exceedingly rare and often mimic primary oral lesions, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Case Presentation: We report a patient under oncological care for pulmonary adenocarcinoma who developed a rapidly enlarging 3‐cm mandibular gingival mass. An incisional biopsy was performed to investigate suspected malignancy. Histopathological analysis revealed a poorly differentiated, infiltrative epithelial neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse positivity for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and strong nuclear expression of thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1). Negative markers, including p63, CD45, PAX8, and S100, successfully excluded primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and other mimics, confirming metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient received palliative care but deteriorated rapidly. Conclusion: Metastatic lung cancer must be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical gingival lesions. Prompt biopsy combined with targeted immunohistochemistry, particularly TTF‐1, is essential for accurate diagnosis and guiding appropriate palliative management.

Gallic acid (GA) is a plant-derived polyphenol with recognized anticancer activity, but in vivo evidence, especially in mesenchymal solid tumors, remains limited. This study investigated the antitumor effects and mechanistic pathways of GA in the murine Sarcoma 180 (S-180) model. Fifty male Swiss mice bearing S-180 tumors received oral GA (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), or vehicle for seven days. Tumor weight and growth inhibition were assessed, along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry for proliferation (Ki-67, a proliferation marker), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8, Bcl-2-associated X protein [Bax], and B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2]), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and systemic toxicity markers (hematological, hepatic, and renal). GA at 50 mg/kg significantly reduced tumor weight and proliferation, decreased Ki-67 and NF-κB expression, increased Bax, reduced Bcl-2, and enhanced cleaved caspase-3, indicating predominant activation of the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. Caspase-8 levels remained unchanged. Although 5-FU produced greater tumor inhibition, it induced leukopenia and splenic atrophy, whereas GA preserved hematological, hepatic, and renal parameters. These findings support GA as a promising candidate for adjuvant cancer therapy.

The increasing prevalence of persistent and difficult‐to‐treat infections has intensified interest in natural compounds able to act on both planktonic bacteria and biofilm structures. Tithonia diversifolia , a species rich in bioactive metabolites such as tagitinin C, has emerged as a promising source of antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of a tagitinin C‐rich leaf extract and potential mechanisms of action. The extract was obtained by supercritical CO ₂ extraction, chemically characterized by HPLC, and assessed against Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and molecular docking assays. Antibiofilm activity was investigated against a biofilm‐forming S. aureus strain using coverslip disruption assays, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The extract showed strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC/MBC: 0.039 mg/mL), intermediate inhibition of E. faecalis (1.25 mg/mL), and moderate effects on P. aeruginosa (5 mg/mL). It also promoted significant biofilm disruption (66.2% ± 4.1%), with microscopy revealing reduced bacterial density and altered structural organization. Docking results demonstrated favorable binding affinities with MurA, MurE, and MurG, suggesting stable interactions with essential enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Overall, the findings highlight the therapeutic potential of T. diversifolia extract against resistant microorganisms and biofilm‐associated infections.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare benign vascular proliferation, typically affecting the head and neck's subcutaneous tissue, with infrequent involvement of the oral mucosa. We report the case of a 30‐year‐old female patient on oral contraceptives who presented with a hyperplastic, reddish‐purple, asymptomatic, and bleeding gingival lesion in the left maxillary gingiva. Clinical examination revealed a 10 mm periodontal pocket in the upper left permanent canine, with horizontal bone loss affecting the adjacent lateral incisor and canine. Blood analysis showed mild eosinophilia. An initial incisional biopsy suggested a chronic inflammatory process, but due to persistent lesion growth, histopathological revaluation confirmed ALHE. Management included contraceptive discontinuation, scaling and root planing, and intralesional corticosteroid therapy, resulting in complete remission within 14 days. This case highlights the importance of considering ALHE in the differential diagnosis of hyperplastic gingival lesions with periodontal involvement. Furthermore, conservative treatment may offer an effective alternative to surgical excision for intraoral ALHE. A review of cases of oral ALHE in the last 50 years is also provided.