A. I. Fairushina

Background. The extracellular matrix plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis and bone tissue regeneration by defining the conditions for cell differentiation and intercellular interactions. The native extracellular matrix is a complex three-dimensional network of structural proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans that provide mechanical support to cells and transmit regulatory signals. 2D-culture systems do not reproduce the complex organization of the cellular microenvironment; therefore, the development of 3D-systems for bone tissue differentiation and remodeling in vitro remains an important challenge. Objective. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the hydrogel based on a tissue extract of uterine leiomyoma and its potential to regulate osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in mono- and co-culture with endothelial cells. Materials and Methods. The tissue extract of uterine leiomyoma was obtained using a modified protocol originally developed for producing Matrigel®. Osteoblasts were cultured within the hydrogel in mono- and co-culture with endothelial cells under osteogenic conditions. Cell viability and morphology were assessed by live-cell microscopy. Mineralization of the extracellular matrix was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining. Results. The hydrogel based on tissue extract of uterine leiomyoma demonstrated high biocompatibility toward osteoblasts, supporting their viability, promoting differentiation into osteocyte-like cells, and enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization. In co-culture with endothelial cells, these effects were further enhanced, indicating the important role of intercellular interactions. Conclusion. The hydrogel based on tissue extract of uterine leiomyoma represents a promising 3D culture model for the studying osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts.

Материалы на основе шелка паутины для регенеративной медицины

This review examines the use of spider-silk-based materials in regenerative medicine. Spider silk possesses a unique combination of mechanical and biological properties, making it a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering. An analysis of in vivo studies in animal models and the first clinical trials is presented, demonstrating the ability of spider silk to direct cell growth, accelerate wound healing, and promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The prospects for large-scale production of spider silk and its medical applications are discussed.