Charles Dunavan
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Charles Dunavan has a total of 8 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Andrew R. Jagim
Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
1 shared publication - Brandon R. Merfeld
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA
1 shared publication - Jay Krebs
Brooks College of Health Professions, Trine University, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
1 shared publication - Jennifer B. Fields
Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
1 shared publication - Margaret T. Jones
Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
1 shared publication - Michael H. Bittner
Bolton & Menk, Fargo, ND 58104, USA
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 10 June 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Applied Sciences
- Vol. 16 (12) , 5846
Changes in Pitching Performance After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Differ Among Major League Baseball Starting and Relief Pitchers
The primary aim of this study was to examine pitching performance metrics before and after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) among Major League Baseball (MLB) starting and relief pitchers. The following information was extracted from the “Tommy John Surgery List” database regarding UCLR surgeries among MLB pitchers: UCLR date, pitcher type (starting pitcher, relief pitcher), and age at time of UCLR. Pitching performance metrics were extracted from the Baseball Savant online platform for the two seasons immediately prior to UCLR (pre) and the two seasons immediately following returning to pitching after UCLR (post). Fifty-nine pitchers were included in this study (29 starting pitchers, 30 relief pitchers). The outcome measures included the number of pitches thrown, earned run average (ERA), walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), strikeout percentage, whiff percentage, walk percentage, batting average against, ground ball percentage, and fastball velocity. There was a pitcher type-by-time interaction effect for ERA (p = 0.01; η2 = 0.12) and WHIP (p = 0.01; η2 = 0.12). Starting pitcher ERA increased from 3.68 to 4.40 from pre- to post-surgery, while relief pitcher ERA decreased from 4.47 to 3.90. In addition, starting pitcher WHIP increased from 1.22 to 1.29 from pre- to post-surgery, while relief pitcher WHIP decreased from 1.38 to 1.28. There was a main effect of time for pitches thrown (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07). Significant differences between starting and relief pitchers were observed for changes in ERA and WHIP following UCLR, whereas no pitcher type-by-time interactions were observed for the remaining performance metrics. Both starting and relief pitchers threw fewer pitches following UCLR, while fastball velocity and other key pitching performance metrics remained largely unchanged.
- 10 June 2026
- Published by MDPI AG in Applied Sciences
- Vol. 16 (12) , 5846
Open AccessChanges in Pitching Performance After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Differ Among Major League Baseball Starting and Relief Pitchers
The primary aim of this study was to examine pitching performance metrics before and after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) among Major League Baseball (MLB) starting and relief pitchers. The following information was extracted from the “Tommy John Surgery List” database regarding UCLR surgeries among MLB pitchers: UCLR date, pitcher type (starting pitcher, relief pitcher), and age at time of UCLR. Pitching performance metrics were extracted from the Baseball Savant online platform for the two seasons immediately prior to UCLR (pre) and the two seasons immediately following returning to pitching after UCLR (post). Fifty-nine pitchers were included in this study (29 starting pitchers, 30 relief pitchers). The outcome measures included the number of pitches thrown, earned run average (ERA), walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), strikeout percentage, whiff percentage, walk percentage, batting average against, ground ball percentage, and fastball velocity. There was a pitcher type-by-time interaction effect for ERA (p = 0.01; η2 = 0.12) and WHIP (p = 0.01; η2 = 0.12). Starting pitcher ERA increased from 3.68 to 4.40 from pre- to post-surgery, while relief pitcher ERA decreased from 4.47 to 3.90. In addition, starting pitcher WHIP increased from 1.22 to 1.29 from pre- to post-surgery, while relief pitcher WHIP decreased from 1.38 to 1.28. There was a main effect of time for pitches thrown (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07). Significant differences between starting and relief pitchers were observed for changes in ERA and WHIP following UCLR, whereas no pitcher type-by-time interactions were observed for the remaining performance metrics. Both starting and relief pitchers threw fewer pitches following UCLR, while fastball velocity and other key pitching performance metrics remained largely unchanged.