Jenis Utemuratov

Accurate operation-specific assessment of fuel consumption is essential for energy planning, machinery management, and direct emission accounting in mechanized agriculture. However, generalized reference-based fuel consumption values may not adequately represent variations in machinery load, operating conditions, and field characteristics. This study developed and evaluated a telemetry-based framework for quantifying fuel consumption and energy performance of tractor–machine combinations under real agricultural production conditions and for supporting the future development of adaptive regional fuel-consumption standards. Field experiments were conducted using DFM electronic fuel-flow meters integrated with Controller Area Network (CAN) communication and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless data transmission. Continuous telemetry measurements were used to evaluate major mechanized agricultural operations and to compare conventional and minimum-tillage production systems under actual field conditions. For the monitored production cycles, cumulative measured fuel consumption decreased from 108.82 kg/ha under conventional tillage to 93.40 kg/ha under minimum tillage, corresponding to a 14.2% reduction. Useful specific energy consumption decreased from 576.55 to 543.50 kWh/ha (5.7%), while total specific energy consumption decreased from 1300.36 to 1078.30 kWh/ha (17.1%). Based directly on measured cumulative diesel consumption and an emission factor of 3.14 kg CO₂/kg fuel, direct fuel-related CO₂ emissions decreased from approximately 341.7 to 293.3 kg CO₂/ha. A second-order polynomial model showed a close relationship between operating speed and specific energy consumption within the investigated experimental range (R² = 0.985). The results demonstrate that continuous telemetry provides an objective basis for operation-specific fuel assessment, energy-performance analysis, and comparison of resource-saving production systems. The proposed framework can support the future development and refinement of regionally adaptive fuel-consumption standards; however, additional validation under different soil, machinery, and operating conditions is required before broader application.

The generation of aerosols with narrow droplet-size distributions remains a key challenge in liquid atomization technologies used in agricultural, chemical-processing, and environmental applications. This study presents an experimental investigation of spray characteristics produced by an inertial rotary atomizer equipped with an internal hydrodynamic flow-conditioning system. The experiments were conducted using a Box–Behnken experimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Fifteen experimental runs, including three center-point replicates, were performed to evaluate the combined effects of the operating parameters. Liquid flow rate, rotor rotational speed, and spraying height were selected as independent variables. The response variables included the characteristic droplet diameters (d₁₀, d₅₀ and d₉₀), the Span coefficient, and droplet deposition density (N). Quadratic regression models were fitted to the experimental data to explore the influence of the operating parameters on spray characteristics; however, statistical diagnostics indicated limited predictive capability, and the models were therefore used primarily for exploratory interpretation of response trends within the investigated design space. The experimental results indicated that rotor speed exhibited the strongest tendency to influence droplet-size characteristics within the investigated operating range, while increasing liquid flow rate was associated with larger droplet diameters, consistent with the expected effect of increased liquid-film thickness. Within the investigated atomizer configuration, relatively narrow droplet-size distributions were experimentally observed under selected operating conditions. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that internal hydrodynamic flow conditioning may contribute to liquid-film destabilization and subsequent breakup. However, its independent contribution cannot be isolated from the present experiments because an otherwise identical baseline atomizer without the flow-conditioning element was not tested. Within the model-predicted favorable operating region (liquid flow rate of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ m³·s⁻¹, rotor rotational speed of 4600–5100 min⁻¹, and spraying height of 30 cm), the fitted response-surface model predicted a volume median droplet diameter of approximately 64 μm. Separately, the minimum experimentally observed Span coefficient was approximately 0.58, indicating a relatively narrow deposited-droplet-size distribution within the investigated operating range. This model-predicted region was not independently verified by a dedicated confirmation experiment and therefore should not be interpreted as an experimentally validated optimum. The proposed physical interpretation considers hydrodynamic flow conditioning as a plausible additional mechanism contributing to spray uniformity, although its quantitative validation requires dedicated flow diagnostics and CFD analysis. The obtained results characterize the spray behavior of the developed atomizer within the investigated operating domain and provide an experimental basis for future comparative studies aimed at quantifying the independent contribution of the internal flow-conditioning system. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting further investigation of this concept and may contribute to the development of rotary atomizers for precision agricultural spraying and other engineering applications requiring controlled droplet-size distributions.

The use of outdated fuel consumption standards reduces the economic efficiency and environmental sustainability of modern agricultural production. This study aimed to refine fuel consumption standards and evaluate the energy performance of tractor–machine combinations during major agricultural operations using telemetry-based monitoring. Field experiments were conducted under real production conditions using DFM electronic fuel flow meters integrated with the CAN bus and BLE wireless data transmission. Comparative analyses of conventional and minimum tillage systems were performed using real-time telemetry data collected during plowing, harrowing, seeding, spraying, cultivation, harvesting, and transportation operations. Statistical and regression analyses revealed significant relationships between operating speed, fuel consumption, and specific energy consumption. Minimum tillage reduced useful specific energy consumption by 5.7% (543.5 kWh/ha) and total specific energy consumption by 17.1% (1078.3 kWh/ha) compared with conventional tillage. A strong non-linear relationship R² = 0.985 was identified between operating speed and process energy consumption. The proposed telemetry-based methodology improves the accuracy of fuel consumption assessment and provides a practical basis for developing adaptive fuel consumption standards under actual operating conditions. Furthermore, the transition to minimum tillage and telemetry-based monitoring enables significant carbon footprint reduction, mitigating CO₂ emissions by over 560 tonnes per 10,000 ha annually, thereby supporting the decarbonization of mechanized agricultural operations.