William J. Kraemer
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
William J. Kraemer has a total of 11 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Alex Buga
Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
1 shared publication - Carl M. Maresh
Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
1 shared publication - Catherine Saenz
Exercise Science, Kinesiology, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
1 shared publication - Elaine Choung-Hee Lee
Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
1 shared publication - Emily M. Post
Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio
1 shared publication - Jeff Volek
Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- 14 September 2026
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
Endocrine, Skeletal, and Circadian Biomarker Profiles Across Operational Phases in Elite Special Forces Operators
Kraemer, WJ, Volek, JS, Stephenson, MD, Szivak, TK, Saenz, C, Buga, A, Lee, EC, Ratamess, NA, Post, EM, Caldwell, LK, Hagen, JA, and Maresh, CM. Endocrine, skeletal, and circadian biomarker profiles across operational phases in elite special forces operators. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2026—This investigation examined multisystem biomarker responses across distinct operational phases in elite Special Forces operators and evaluated whether integrated patterns, including principal component analysis (PCA), could reveal coherent signatures of stress and recovery. Fifty-six male operators (28–42 years, 175–187 cm, 77–95 kg) participated in a longitudinal study. Resting venous blood samples were obtained at 3 visits aligned with recovery/reset (visit 1), peak training stress (visit 2), and reintegration (visit 3). Serum analytes included 25-hydroxy vitamin D, triiodothyronine (T3), β-C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), melatonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), R-β-hydroxybutyrate (R-BHB), and plasma samples for ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). All biomarkers were analyzed in duplicate using ELISA. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction ( p ≤ 0.05) and exploratory PCA were performed. Vitamin D and T3 declined significantly from visit 1 to visit 2 (−16% and −30%; p < 0.001) and remained suppressed at visit 3. CTX decreased markedly at visit 2 (−87%; p < 0.001) but recovered by visit 3. Ghrelin increased at visit 2 (+16%; p = 0.002), whereas NPY increased only at visit 3. Melatonin doubled at visit 2 (+105%; p < 0.001) and remained elevated. R-BHB, VEGF, and CRP did not change significantly. Exploratory PCA identified 3 components representing hormonal-circadian regulation, metabolic-inflammatory strain, and neuroendocrine appetite regulation. A phase-based, multisystem biomarker panel, supported by PCA-derived physiological axes, identified coherent signatures of operational stress and recovery. These findings support the use of integrated biomarker monitoring to characterize system-level stress responses and inform phase-specific recovery and readiness strategies in elite tactical populations.
- 14 September 2026
- Published by Wolters Kluwer Health in Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research
Endocrine, Skeletal, and Circadian Biomarker Profiles Across Operational Phases in Elite Special Forces Operators
Kraemer, WJ, Volek, JS, Stephenson, MD, Szivak, TK, Saenz, C, Buga, A, Lee, EC, Ratamess, NA, Post, EM, Caldwell, LK, Hagen, JA, and Maresh, CM. Endocrine, skeletal, and circadian biomarker profiles across operational phases in elite special forces operators. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2026—This investigation examined multisystem biomarker responses across distinct operational phases in elite Special Forces operators and evaluated whether integrated patterns, including principal component analysis (PCA), could reveal coherent signatures of stress and recovery. Fifty-six male operators (28–42 years, 175–187 cm, 77–95 kg) participated in a longitudinal study. Resting venous blood samples were obtained at 3 visits aligned with recovery/reset (visit 1), peak training stress (visit 2), and reintegration (visit 3). Serum analytes included 25-hydroxy vitamin D, triiodothyronine (T3), β-C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), melatonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), R-β-hydroxybutyrate (R-BHB), and plasma samples for ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). All biomarkers were analyzed in duplicate using ELISA. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction ( p ≤ 0.05) and exploratory PCA were performed. Vitamin D and T3 declined significantly from visit 1 to visit 2 (−16% and −30%; p < 0.001) and remained suppressed at visit 3. CTX decreased markedly at visit 2 (−87%; p < 0.001) but recovered by visit 3. Ghrelin increased at visit 2 (+16%; p = 0.002), whereas NPY increased only at visit 3. Melatonin doubled at visit 2 (+105%; p < 0.001) and remained elevated. R-BHB, VEGF, and CRP did not change significantly. Exploratory PCA identified 3 components representing hormonal-circadian regulation, metabolic-inflammatory strain, and neuroendocrine appetite regulation. A phase-based, multisystem biomarker panel, supported by PCA-derived physiological axes, identified coherent signatures of operational stress and recovery. These findings support the use of integrated biomarker monitoring to characterize system-level stress responses and inform phase-specific recovery and readiness strategies in elite tactical populations.