A Wideband Digital-Intensive Current-Mode Transmitter Line-Up

Authors:
Publisher website
Google Scholar
Abstract
A current-mode direct-digital RF modulator (DDRM)-based transmitter (TX) architecture is proposed in this article for energy-efficient wireless applications. To demonstrate its key principles, a $2 \ttimes 13$ bit demonstrator is implemented in a 40-nm CMOS technology. This DDRM can operate standalone or as a driver for a common-gate (CG)/common-base (CB) power amplifier (PA). The proposed DDRM is based on current-steering radio frequency digital-to-analog converters (RFDACs) that feature an extra current division path to allow the generation of the optimum current-mode class-B drive profile for the final CG/CB PA, facilitating energy-efficient TX operation without compromising linearity. For this purpose, the DDRM uses signed-IQ mapping combined with a class-B harmonic rejection (HR) technique. In addition, an advanced dynamic biasing technique is introduced to further enhance the TX line-up efficiency in deep power back-off (PBO) region. The DDRM driver standalone can provide 19.6-dBm RF peak output power. It supports a “160-MHz 256-QAM” signal at 2.4 GHz with an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of $-$ 40.3 dBc and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of $-$ 33 dB, without using any digital pre-distortion (DPD). When connected to a CB SiGe PA, the overall TX line-up achieves an output power of 27 dBm and an overall TX system efficiency of 20%. This DPD-free TX line-up achieves an ACLR of $-$ 37.7 dBc and an EVM of $-$ 30 dB, respectively, when operating with an “80-MHz 64-QAM” signal at 2.2 GHz.
Funding Information
  • Dutch Research Council (13315)
  • “SEEDCOM” (16336)
  • “DIPLOMAT”

This publication has 34 references indexed in Scilit: