Surface engineering of titanium thin films with silk fibroin via layer‐by‐layer technique and its effects on osteoblast growth behavior

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Abstract
The objective of the present study was to surface modify the titanium thin films to improve its biocompatibility. A layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly technique, based on the electrostatic interactions mediated adsorption of chitosan (Chi) and silk fibroin (SF), was used leading to the formation of multilayers on the titanium thin film surfaces. The surface chemistry and wettability of LBL films were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. XPS and contact angle measurement results indicated that a full SF/Chi pair film was formed after the deposition layers of PEI/(SF/Chi)2 on the titanium film surfaces. The topographies of multilayered films were directly related to the corresponding outmost layer components. The build‐up of such SF/Chi pair films on titanium films may in turn affect the biocompatibility of the modified titanium films. Therefore, an in vitro investigation was performed to confirm this hypothesis. Cell proliferation, cell viability, DNA synthesis as well as differentiation function (alkaline phosphatase) of osteoblasts on LBL‐modified titanium films and control samples were investigated, respectively. Osteoblasts cultured on modified titanium films was found to be higher proliferation tendency than that on control (p < 0.05). Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase as well as DNA synthesis measurement indicated that osteoblasts on LBL‐modified films were greater (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) than the control, respectively. These results suggest that surface engineering of titanium was successfully achieved via LBL deposition of Chi/SF pairs, and enhanced its cell biocompatibility. The approach presented in the study may be exploited as an efficient alternative for surface engineering of titanium‐based implants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007

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