A Comprehensive Framework for Resolving the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict

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Abstract
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is a protracted, multidimensional struggle shaped by migration, violence, displacement, and deep religious and national divisions. It extends beyond a territorial dispute, rooted in competing historical narratives, security concerns, and ideological commitments. Both peoples maintain legitimate claims to a small, symbolically charged land, while stark asymmetry—between Israel as a sovereign state and Palestine as a non-sovereign entity—further complicates resolution. Internal fractures within both societies and the geographic separation of the West Bank and Gaza intensify instability. This article proposes a phased framework for conflict transformation. First, Gaza must be reconstructed through coordinated international and regional efforts. Second, Israel and the Palestinian Authority should renew civilian and economic cooperation. Third, militant groups must be marginalized and disarmed under strict conditions. Fourth, democratic processes should privilege peace-oriented actors. Finally, a two-state solution, potentially evolving into a Jordanian–Palestinian confederation, remains essential for sustainable peace.

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