Applications of the program impact pathway theory in the field of public health nutrition: a scoping review

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Abstract
The program impact pathway (PIP) theory represents the architecture and causal mechanisms by which a program achieves its intended outcomes. We sought to identify and analyze the main applications of PIPs in the public health nutrition field. This scoping review selected 24 studies in March 2024. Four objectives for applying PIPs were identified: to ascertain the processes and identify mediators; to identify critical quality control points; to guide data collection and define program evaluation indicators; to analyze the processes, adaptations, and fidelity of implementation. The analyses use five methodological steps: I) construct the initial PIP diagram; II) confirm/revise the PIP diagram; III) identify evaluation indicators; IV) compare the implementation process with the PIP diagram; and V) evaluate outcomes or impact based on PIP analysis. In conclusion, PIP analysis offers immense possibilities for application, and the interactive analysis methodology supports program managers in the implementation process.
Funding Information
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88887.716877/2022-00)

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