Practical Approaches to Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Primary Care: A UK-Based Consensus Opinion

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Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) imposes significant personal challenges and societal costs. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is recognised as a state-of-the-art tool, but remains underutilised. Adoption of CGM in primary care should be informed by a broader understanding of the technology’s capabilities and limitations. Methods An expert panel was convened to review current literature and clinical experience to provide practical approaches to CGM for primary care practitioners and discuss the technology’s value in the routine management of T2D. The goals were to review and reach consensus on the current state of CGM in non-specialist practice settings and on strategies for successfully initiating and maintaining people on CGM. Results Initiation and maintenance of CGM therapy can be successfully conducted in primary care settings. CGM therapy should include proper patient selection, proper setting of expectations, and evidence-based adjustments to therapy. Most patients are likely to see quick, meaningful, and lasting improvements in their diabetes, along with a better understanding of their condition and greater motivation for successful management. Retrospective report interpretation is feasible and intuitive. Barriers to adoption and sustained use include cost, technological limitations, behavioural or psychological factors, and therapeutic inertia. Addressing these barriers is critical to enable better access to CGM. Continuous glucose monitoring can be leveraged by primary care teams to inform treatment decisions and also by patients to inform diabetes self-management. Conclusion CGM should be considered for all people with T2D. The recommendations provided here should simplify adoption and maintenance use of CGM in primary care and maximise the glycaemic and psychosocial benefits of the technology.

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