Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injuries in Natural Disasters, a Call for Better Preparedness: A Systematic Literature Review

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Abstract
Introduction: Pediatric traumatic brain injuries arising from natural disasters pose a significant long-term risk, particularly in the vulnerable population of children in high-stress situations. We aimed to gain insights into this matter to increase its understanding and potentially address health disparities with evidence. Methods: We searched the 5 databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify publications discussing traumatic brain injuries in children in the context of natural disasters. Of 32,785 records, only 9 met criteria for inclusion. We extracted and analyzed clinical data relevant to our topic. Results: Traumatic brain injuries are one of the most prevalent injuries found in this pediatric population accountable for the major risk factor for morbidity and fatalities, followed by orthopedic injuries and infected wounds. Males and females were affected equally, with a mean age around 9.8 years. Mortality rates varied but were lower than 16%, contingent on the severity of the disaster and the level of preparedness of the affected area. Conclusions: Head injuries are one of the most prevalent pediatric injuries in disasters. However, there is limited evidence-based information regarding best strategies and care for children experiencing traumatic brain injuries in this context. This study suggests the need of a concerted effort to strengthen preparedness for natural disasters to ultimately foster a safer world for the children.

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