The influence of cathodic polarization and simulated inflammation on titanium electrochemistry

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Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of simulated inflammation and cathodic polarization on the electrochemical properties of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and titanium–6%aluminum–4%vanadium (Ti6Al4V). Normal conditions immersed the metals in phosphate buffered saline at open circuit potential (OCP). Inflammatory conditions immersed the metals in a 150 mMhydrogen peroxide titrated to pH = 5.0 at OCP. Cathodic inflammatory conditions immersed the metals in the inflammatory electrolyte at −1 V versus Ag/AgCl. Cathodic polarization scans revealed a more electropositive corrosion potential (Ecorr) and an increased corrosion current density (Icorr) for both metals after incubation at inflammatory conditions (CpTi:Ecorr = 171 mV,Icorr = 147 nA/cm2and Ti6Al4V:Ecorr = 241 mV andIcorr = 413 nA/cm2) as compared to normal conditions (CpTi:Ecorr = −249 mV,Icorr = 19 nA/cm2and Ti6Al4V:Ecorr = −263 mV andIcorr = 11 nA/cm2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the polarization resistance (Rp) decreases and constant phase element (CPE) magnitude increases for both metals when comparing normal (CpTi:Rp = 3.5 MΩ cm2, CPE = 35 µS sα/cm2and Ti6Al4V:Rp = 6.5 MΩ cm2and CPE = 30 µS sα/cm2) to inflammatory (CpTi:Rp = 79 kΩ cm2, CPE = 55 µS sα/cm2and Ti6Al4V:Rp = 230 kΩ cm2and CPE = 56 µS sα/cm2) to cathodic inflammatory (CpTi:Rp=24 kΩ cm2, CPE = 290 µS sα/cm2and Ti6Al4V:Rp = 12 kΩ cm2and CPE = 250 µS sα/cm2) conditions. These observed changes are consistent with the formation of a thin and defective oxide film. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy revealed that inflammatory conditions increased dissolution of both metals and that the addition of cathodic potential significantly increased the dissolution of the beta phase elements of Ti6Al4V. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1445–1453, 2014.

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