Studies on energy and nitrogen metabolism of pregnant and lactating sows as well as suckling piglets

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Abstract
Aim of the studies was to attain new scientific findings for the influence of the physiological state of sows (non‐pregnant and pregnant respectively) on energy and nitrogen metabolism. The experiments were carried out according to a 3 x 3 factorial experimental plan with 3 variants of litter number (1, 2 and 4) and 3 variants of energy supply (120, 100 and 80%). Within the variants the non‐pregnant and pregnant sows were fed equally related to the metabolic live weight. The metabolism measurements run from the 1st to the 115th experimental and gestation day respectively. The methods of indirect calorimetry and slaughtering technique were applied. The chemical composition of the whole bodies of the non‐pregnant sows was like that of the maternal bodies of the pregnant sows (dry matter 410 g/kg, protein 160 g/kg and fat 210 g/kg). The physiological state for the sows did not influence the nutrients digestibility (OM 77.0 and 76.7%) and the energy metabolizability. About conformable intakes of metabolizable energy (601 and 586 kJ/kg LW 0,75·d) and of digestible nitrogen (0.77 and 0.75 g/kg LW 0,75·d) in non‐pregnant and pregnant sows resulted in higher deposition of energy (64 and 79 kJ/kg LW 0,75·d) and of nitrogen (0.15 and 0.19 g/kg LW 0,75·d) in the pregnant sows due to energy and nitrogen deposition in the conception products and in the reproductive organs. The energy maintenance requirement and the partial efficiency of the energy utilization for the deposition as well as the nitrogen maintenance requirement and the partial efficiency of the nitrogen utilization for the deposition in the non‐pregnant and the pregnant sows were determined.

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