Effectiveness of Extracellular Vesicle Application in Skin Aging Treatment and Regeneration: Do We Have Enough Evidence from Clinical Trials?

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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dynamic development in therapies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. Therefore, we have conducted an analysis of the scientific literature to verify the current state of knowledge about these therapies. A total of 12 clinical studies were analyzed, covering the use of EVs in treating skin aging, acne scars, alopecia, and wound healing. The results indicate that EVs and exosomes hold potential in regenerative skin therapies, offering innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approaches. At the same time, significant challenges related to the standardization of their production and the lack of large-scale randomized studies were identified. Thus, we also evaluated the investigated clinical trials in regard to the MISEV (Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles) criteria. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary applications of EVs in skin therapy and regenerative medicine, highlighting directions for further research.

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