Association of Ear Anomaly Type and Sex Concordance with Microtia Occurrence

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Abstract
Introduction: Microtia is a congenital malformation of the auricle that leads to serious functional and psychosocial consequences. Familial factors, such as the types of auricular anomalies present in family members and sex concordance between affected individuals, may provide crucial insights into its etiology. This study aims to examine the association of the types of ear anomalies found in family members and sex concordance between these individuals with the occurrence of microtia. Methods: This case–control study was conducted with 244 respondents, involving 122 patients with congenital microtia in the case group and 122 participants with normal ears in the control group. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on sex concordance between participants and family members with ear anomalies, as well as the type of auricular anomaly observed in the affected family members. Cross-tabulation and Chi-square analyses were performed to assess the associations between these variables. Results: While family members with ear anomalies were reported more frequently in the microtia group, the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.472). Similarly, sex concordance was also not significantly associated with microtia occurrence ( P = 0.743). Conclusion: Neither sex concordance nor the type of auricular anomalies in family members demonstrates a significant relationship with the occurrence of microtia. These findings indicate that, despite the possible contribution of familial factors, microtia most likely results from multifactorial causes that involve both genetic and environmental interactions.

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