Development of Recombinase Aided Amplification (RAA)-Exo-Probe Assay for the Rapid Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

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Abstract
Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant cause of foodborne illness causing various gastrointestinal diseases including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most severe form, which can lead to kidney failure or even death. Objective: Here, we report the development of recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-exo-probe assays targeting the stx1 and stx2 genes for the rapid detection of STEC in food samples. Methods: Primers and exo-probes were designed and optimized for the detection of stx1 and stx2 using RAA technology. The optimal STEC RAA-exo-probe assays were then tested for specificity and sensitivity, and validated in both spiked and real food samples. Results: These assays were found to be 100% specific to STEC strains and were also highly sensitive with a detection limit of 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL or 32 copies/reaction. Importantly, the assays were able to successfully detect STEC in spiked and real food samples (beef, mutton, and pork), with a detection limit as low as 0.35 CFU/25g in beef samples after an overnight enrichment step. Conclusions: Overall, the RAA assay reactions completed within ∼20 min and were less dependent on expensive equipment, suggesting they can be easily adopted for in-field testing requiring only a fluorescent reader. Highlights: As such, we have developed two rapid, sensitive, and specific assays that can be used for the routine monitoring of STEC contamination in food samples, particularly in the field or in poorly equipped labs.
Funding Information
  • Special Project for Technical Standard of Shanghai (20DZ2202500)
  • Shanghai Technical Standards Special Project (23DZ2203700)
  • Scientific Research Project of General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (2021HK191)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (42107419)

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