Comparative Benchmarking Study of Leading International and Brazilian Metro Systems

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Abstract
Metro systems are high-capacity urban rail networks designed to provide fast, reliable, and efficient transportation. This article presents a comparative benchmarking study of six leading metro systems in Brazil and six prominent international cases, aiming to identify best practices and recurring challenges based on key operational, planning, design, governance, and performance indicators. The Brazilian systems analyzed are located in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Recife, and Salvador, while the international cases include London, Paris, Tokyo, Berlin, New York, and Madrid. The methodology combined documentary research with technical analysis of public data sources, institutional reports, and performance indicators. The results reveal significant contrasts in network scale, operational efficiency, governance models, funding mechanisms, and integration with urban planning. São Paulo’s system stands out for its network robustness, automation, and consolidated monitoring framework, while other Brazilian cities face limitations in service coverage and financial sustainability. The international cases offer valuable insights into fare integration, the use of emerging technologies, and the application of performance metrics to foster more sustainable and efficient high-capacity urban transit systems. The findings provide relevant evidence to support policymakers, transport authorities, and urban planners in improving the planning, management, and sustainability of high-capacity urban transit systems.
Funding Information
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (406510/2022-9)
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (383841/2025-9)
  • Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (E-26.290.130/2021)
  • Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (E-26.204.511/2024)

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