Smart Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biotechnological Applications: A Mini-Review

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Abstract
In this pandemic situation it is evident that viruses and bacteria, more specifically, multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, endanger human civilization severely. It is high time to design smart weapons to combat these pathogens for the prevention and cure of allied ailments. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials designed from metal ions or inorganic clusters and multidentate organic ligands. Due to some unique features like high porosity, tunable pore shape and size, numerous possible metal-ligand combinations, etc., MOFs are ideal candidates to design “smart biotechnological tools”. MOFs construct promising fluorescence based biosensing platforms for detection of viruses. MOFs also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity due to their ability for sustained release of active biocidal agents. There are several reviews that summarize the antibacterial applications of MOFs, but the biosensing platforms based on MOFs for detection of viruses have scarcely been summarized. This review carefully covers both the aspects including virus detection (nucleic acid recognition and immunological detection) with underlying mechanisms as well as antibacterial application of MOFs and doped MOFs or composites. This review will deliver valuable information and references for designing new, smarter antimicrobial agents based on MOFs.

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