The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold

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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of casting mold inlet (In-Gate) diameter on chemical composition, porosity defects, micro-photographs, and casting product hardness. The casting sample material is made from scrap aluminum and poured into the mold in 5mm, 7.5mm, and 10mm In-Gate diameter variations. Chemical composition testing, porosity observation, microphotography with a metallography microscope, and Brinell hardness testing (ASTM E– 10 standard) are used to collect data for this investigation. The result indicates that the sample aluminum alloy silicon metal (Al-Si) material has an 81.86 percent aluminum content and a 9.84 percent silicon content. The 10mm In-Gate size has the highest hardness value of 98.68 BHN, while the 7.5mm In-Gate has a hardness value of 84.46 BHN. Due to porosity defects that can reduce metal hardness, the 5mm In-Gate has the lowest hardness value of 73.07 BHN.

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