Evaluation of balance and executive function relationships in older individuals

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Abstract
Background Executive function is an important cognitive factor in gait and balance control. Weakening of balance system components and executive functions due to aging may affect walking and balance and increase the risk of falling. Aims The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between balance and executive function in older individuals and the contributions of physical activity and depression to this relationship. Methods A total of 84 healthy individuals aged 60 and over were included in the study. In the study, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT A and TMT B), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were applied. Results The Mini-BESTest and TUG correlated with DSST, TMT A, and TMT B. GDS was correlated with TUG. PASE was correlated with Mini-BESTest and TUG. Executive functions differed according to education level; DSST, TMT B, and GDS were effective in fall history. Discussion There was a significant relationship between balance and executive function. It was found that balance and walking speed increased as executive function skills increased. Depression and physical activity are associated with balance and gait speed. Conclusions Balance and executive functions are related to each other, and physical activity and depression contribute to this relationship. In order to protect against the negative effects of aging, cognitive and physical training can be performed to prevent balance and executive function declines.

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