Differences in Clinical and Pathological Features of Renal Cell Carcinoma Between Japanese Patients After Kidney Transplantation and Those on Hemodialysis

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Abstract
We compared the clinical features, pathological features, and prognoses of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in the native kidney after kidney transplantation (RCC‐transplant) or on hemodialysis (RCC‐HD), and analyzed predictive factors for survival at a Japanese single institution. This cohort included 42 patients in the RCC‐transplant group and 467 patients in the RCC‐HD group. RCC‐transplant patients were younger (53 years vs. 56 years, P = 0.0358) and had less frequent symptoms (12% vs. 27%, P = 0.0344) than RCC‐HD patients. Although tumor size, tumor stage, and histological subtype were not significantly different, the RCC‐transplant group had less frequent multifocal occurrences and ACDK. Overall 5‐year survival (RCC‐transplant, 80%; RCC‐hemodialysis, 76%; P = 0.3217) and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS; RCC‐transplant, 84%; RCC‐hemodialysis, 89%; P = 0.8916) were not significantly different between the two groups. Tumor stage and grade were significant predictors for CSS. Although kidney transplantation and hemodialysis were not associated with CSS, tumor stage was an independent predictor of CSS.

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