Thailand has emerged as a primary destination for Myanmar migrant workers, both regular and irregular, owing to its geographical proximity, economic opportunities, and established migration networks. This chapter provides an overview of migration trends among Myanmar workers in Thailand, along with a comprehensive literature review on migrant workers’ conditions, focusing on their living and working environments, wage disparities, vulnerabilities to exploitation, health status, and access to health care. It then outlines the research objectives and the key questions. Finally, the chapter concludes with an overview of the book’s structure, detailing the organization of subsequent chapters and providing definitions of key terms used throughout the book.