Immersion immunization of common carp with bacterial ghost‐based DNA vaccine inducing prophylactic protective immunity against spring viraemia of carp virus

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Abstract
The interactive applications of immunization route, vaccine type and delivery vectors are emerging as a key area of research within the field of mass immunization in fishery production. In an effort to improve DNA vaccine's immune efficiency in large‐scale immunization, a promising bacterial ghost‐loaded DNA vaccine was constructed based on Escherichia coli DH5α. In common carp was investigated the immune response to immersion immunization via related indicator analysis, and the challenge test of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) was carried out. The result indicated that BG‐loaded DNA vaccine induced higher serum antibody level than naked pEG‐G. Simultaneously, the immunophysiological indicators and genes change at the more advanced levels in the BG/pEG‐G immune group. At the treatment concentration of 20 mg/L of the BG/pEG‐G group, IgM and IgZ expressions in vivo were markedly increased by 21.62 times and 6.91 times, respectively, and the relative percentage survival reached the peak of 59.57%. This study paves the way for future aquatic animal vaccine research, which aimed to develop the highly effective immersion vaccine system by delivery vectors, with the ultimate aim to prevent and restrict SVCV in actual production.

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