Colorectal cancer incidence in Siberia and the Far East

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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the incidence of colon cancer in the Siberian (SFD) and Far Eastern Federal Districts (FEFD) for 2019–2024. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study of depersonalized data on the incidence of colorectal cancer (colon (C18), rectosigmoid junction (C19), rectum, anus and anal canal (C20-21) — ICD-10 codebook) was conducted for the period from January 2019 to December 2024 according to absolute data (the number of malignant neoplasms detected for the first time in life (table 2000) taking into account gender and age) of reporting forms No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District. Population data by gender and age for federal district subjects were provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. Standardized (world standard SEGI per 100,000 population (0/0000)) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for 2019–2021 and 2022-2024. Differences in rates between periods were assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: in the structure of morbidity, colorectal cancer (CRC) consistently ranks 3rd among both men (12.0 and 11.1% in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District) and women (11.5 and 10.8%). In the Siberian Federal District, standardized incidence rates when comparing 2019–2021 and 2022–2024 increased in the male population from 34.8 (95% CI 34.2–35.4) to 40.4 (95% CI 39.7–41.1) 0/0000 and in the female population from 24.4 (95% CI 24.0–24.9) to 26.7 (95% CI 26,2–27.1) 0/0000. In the Far Eastern Federal District — from 29.5 (95% CI 28.7–30.4) to 33.0 (95% CI 32.1–33.9) 0/0000 and from 22.3 (95% CI 21.7–22.9) to 24.4 (95% CI 23.8–25.1) 0/0000. In the Siberian Federal District, an increase in the incidence of CRC in men and women is observed after 45 years of age. The peak incidence occurs at 75–79 years, reaching 420.2 0/0000 in men and 252.0 0/0000 in women. In the FEFD, among men, the incidence increase is observed after age 50, with a peak at 75–79 years (377.3 0/0000); among women, after age 55, with the highest age-specific rate at 75–79 years (249.3 0/0000). CONCLUSION: analysis of colorectal cancer incidence in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts revealed an increase in rates among both sexes, with the highest values in age groups over 70 years, which indicates the relevance of introducing territorially adapted colon cancer screening programs, with a focus on high-risk groups taking into account age.

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