Lidia V. Pikalova

Breast cancer (BC) incidence analysis in the female population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was conducted. Data from Form № 7 for the Russian Far Eastern Federal District subjects for 2013–2025 were used. Standardized (world standard) and age-specific rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Trends were assessed using joinpoint regression. In Yakutia, breast cancer was the leading cancer incidence among women, but its prevalence was lower than the Russian Far Eastern Federal District average. A declining trend was observed in the 20- 49 age group (annual decline of -1.6%, p=0.054), while in the Russian Far Eastern Federal District, there was a statistically significant increase (+2.1%, p<0.001). From 2021 to 2025, an increase in breast cancer incidence was observed in Yakutia across all ages (+5.2%, p=0.013), indirectly indicating an increase in incidence in women over 50. The contrasting trends in breast cancer incidence among women of reproductive age in the republic and the Russian Far Eastern Federal District require further study of risk factors, taking into account the ethnic characteristics of carcinogenesis in the Yakutia population, to optimize oncological care.

Background. Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. this review analyzes global cancer incidence and mortality rates for 2022 and their association with the Human Development Index (HDI). Material and Methods. The methodology involved a search of the PubMed and eLibrary.ru databases using keywords such as “human potential index”, “cancer incidence worldwide”, “cancer mortality worldwide”, “epidemiology of cancer”, “risk factors affecting cancer”, “Global cancer statistics”. From the relevant articles published between 2019 and 2025, 39 were selected for writing the review. Results. In 2022, there were an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. The most common cancer sites in terms of incidence and mortality were lung, breast, colon, and liver cancers. among men, cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lung, and prostate predominated; among women, breast cancer was most common. The highest incidence rates especially for gastrointestinal cancers were heavily concentrated in Eastern and Central Asia. The analysis revealed regional disparities. in countries with a high HDI, elevated cancer incidence rates are linked to advanced health care systems and aging population. in low- and medium-HDI countries, the gap between incidence and mortality is small due to the limited access to healthcare, leading to underdiagnosis and low life expectancy. Conclusion. The projected increase in cancer incidence requires healthcare modernization. in high-HDI countries, the increase is driven by a “Western” lifestyle, while in developing countries, the burden of infection-associated cancers remains high. The strategy for reducing the cancer burden should include prevention, universal access to screening and treatment, and monitoring of indicators to assess the effectiveness of measures.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the incidence of colon cancer in the Siberian (SFD) and Far Eastern Federal Districts (FEFD) for 2019–2024. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study of depersonalized data on the incidence of colorectal cancer (colon (C18), rectosigmoid junction (C19), rectum, anus and anal canal (C20-21) — ICD-10 codebook) was conducted for the period from January 2019 to December 2024 according to absolute data (the number of malignant neoplasms detected for the first time in life (table 2000) taking into account gender and age) of reporting forms No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” of the subjects of the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District. Population data by gender and age for federal district subjects were provided by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. Standardized (world standard SEGI per 100,000 population (0/0000)) and age-specific incidence rates were calculated for 2019–2021 and 2022-2024. Differences in rates between periods were assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: in the structure of morbidity, colorectal cancer (CRC) consistently ranks 3rd among both men (12.0 and 11.1% in the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District) and women (11.5 and 10.8%). In the Siberian Federal District, standardized incidence rates when comparing 2019–2021 and 2022–2024 increased in the male population from 34.8 (95% CI 34.2–35.4) to 40.4 (95% CI 39.7–41.1) 0/0000 and in the female population from 24.4 (95% CI 24.0–24.9) to 26.7 (95% CI 26,2–27.1) 0/0000. In the Far Eastern Federal District — from 29.5 (95% CI 28.7–30.4) to 33.0 (95% CI 32.1–33.9) 0/0000 and from 22.3 (95% CI 21.7–22.9) to 24.4 (95% CI 23.8–25.1) 0/0000. In the Siberian Federal District, an increase in the incidence of CRC in men and women is observed after 45 years of age. The peak incidence occurs at 75–79 years, reaching 420.2 0/0000 in men and 252.0 0/0000 in women. In the FEFD, among men, the incidence increase is observed after age 50, with a peak at 75–79 years (377.3 0/0000); among women, after age 55, with the highest age-specific rate at 75–79 years (249.3 0/0000). CONCLUSION: analysis of colorectal cancer incidence in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts revealed an increase in rates among both sexes, with the highest values in age groups over 70 years, which indicates the relevance of introducing territorially adapted colon cancer screening programs, with a focus on high-risk groups taking into account age.

The risk of developing malignant neoplasms (MN) is associated with old age, but the increase in incidence among young people is becoming a pressing issue. Objective. Analysis of cancer incidence among the young population of cities — administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) for the period 2004—2023. Material and methods. Data from Form No. 7 “Information on Malignant Neoplasms” on the number and age-sex composition of the population of the administrative centers of the Siberian Federal District of Rosstat for 2004—2023 were used. Results. The leading localization in the structure of malignant neoplasms incidence in the administrative centers of the SFD among the male population aged 20—44 years is the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue (16.2%), among the female population — the mammary gland (29.3%). Dynamic analysis revealed an increase in age-standardized incidence rates (ASR, per 100.000) for the following cancers: breast (from 23.1 to 34.5), colorectal (men: from 3.9 to 5.6; women: from 4.1 to 5.9), skin (men: from 3.5 to 5.3; women: from 4.3 to 7.5), corpus uteri (from 3.4 to 4.5), and thyroid (men: from 2.1 to 3.8; women: from 10.1 to 14.7). For men, a decrease in incidence was observed for stomach cancer (from 4.4 to 2.5 per 100.000) and lung cancer (from 4.9 to 3.4 per 100.000). The incidence of malignant neoplasms among young women was 2.1 times higher than among men. The highest rates were recorded in Barnaul (168.1 and 74.1 per 100.000) and Irkutsk (132.9 and 75.9 per 100.000). Conclusion. Standardized incidence rates of malignant neoplasms in the young population in the administrative centers of the SFD (60.6 in men and 124.6 0/0000 in women in 2019—2023) are higher than the district average (57.0 and 120.6 0/0000), and over 10 years have significantly increased by 12.4% in men and 24.7% in women, outpacing the growth rate of incidence among urban residents of all ages.

Background. The incidence and mortality rates of gynecological cancer in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) are higher than in Russia. In the context of the current demographic crisis against the backdrop of declining birth rates in Russia, issues of preserving and studying women’s health, including oncological health, are relevant.Aim. Analysis of gynecological cancer epidemiological indicators in the SFD and its territories for 2013–2023.Materials and methods. The indicators were calculated based on reporting forms No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” of the subjects of the SFD, as well as information on the number and age and sex composition of the population of these territories of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service for 2014–2023. The analysis of the indicators was carried out using the Z-criterion and regression analysis.Results. In the SFD, over the study period, an increase in the incidence of uterine cancer (UC) by 30.0 % and ovarian cancer (OC) by 11.0 % and a decrease in cervical cancer (CC) by 13.1 % were detected. An increase in the average age of UC patients from 61.2 to 63.3 years, from 57.3 to 58.1 years for OC, and from 50.8 to 52.5 years for CC was observed. An increase in the cumulative risk of developing cancer in the SFD in 2023 was noted: 2.5 % for UC, 1.4 % for OC, and a decrease in the risk for CC to 1.6 %. A higher rate of increase in the intensive incidence rate for UC and OC was noted in women of reproductive age (51.6 and 35.5 %, respectively) than in women over 50 age group (39.3 and 5.5 %), for CC – a small increase in the indicator in the young (+0.3 %) and a decrease in the older age group (–17.3 %). Mortality decreased by 12.6 % for UC, 14.1 % for OC, and 20.8 % for CC. No significant changes in the recording reliability index were observed.Conclusion. The results of the study on changes in dynamic epidemiological indicators can serve as a basis for adjusting territorial programs of anti-cancer measures and population screening for the purpose of early diagnosis and prevention of gynecological cancer.

Objective. To analyze the indicators of 1-, 5- and 7-year survival of patients with lung cancer in the territory of the Tomsk region for the period from 2013 to 2022. Materials and methods. In this study, 4413 (3426 men and 987 women) cases of intravitally detected malignant neoplasms of the lung from the population-based cancer registry of the Tomsk region for 2013—2022 were analyzed. Observed (OS), adjusted (AS) and relative survival of patients with lung cancer (LC) were calculated by sex, age, place of residence (urban and rural population), histological type and disease stages in Statistica 10.0 and Excel programs. Results. The observed survival of patients (both sexes) with LC in the Tomsk region amounted to: 1-year — 38.9%, 3-year — 18.5%, 5-year — 13.8%, 7-year — 11.2%. The difference between AS and OS ranged from 5.3% to 5.8%. Lower survival rates have been observed in the male population than in the female one. In the second 5-year study period (2018—2022, 2448 patients) compared to the first one (2013—2017, 1965 patients), there has been an increase of 1-year OS rates — by 4.4% (from 36.6±1.1 to 41.0±1.0%); 3-year OS — by 1.7% (from 40.7±1.1 to 48.1±1.1%). It has been noted that all survival rates decrease proportionally to the increase in age and stage of the disease. The one-year OS of people with LC in urban areas amounted to 41.7%, in rural areas — 33.9%; 5-year — 15.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Conclusion. Despite some optimization of oncological care for patients with lung cancer, as evidenced by the improvement of survival in dynamics, its level remains insufficient, especially among elderly people and residents of rural areas. The main reason is the high rate of neglected lung cancer cases at initial diagnosis, that emphasizes the need to develop and implement a regional lung cancer screening program before the problem will be solved at the federal level.

Aim. To analyze the structure of deaths from sporadic metachronous primary multiple malignant neoplasms in 2017–2023 in a multidisciplinary inpatient facility.Materials and methods. The study included 2,394 fatal cases of patients hospitalized in a multidisciplinary inpatient facility for emergency medical care. In 2017–2023, 29 metachronous primary multiple malignant neoplasms were identified, which was 1.3% of the total number of fatal outcomes and 11% of malignant neoplasms. The median age of patients was 72.0 (69.0–82.0) years. We examined the protocols of pathological studies of autopsy material of patients hospitalized in the inpatient facility of multidisciplinary clinics of Siberian State Medical University. In patients with metachronous primary multiple malignant neoplasms, the nosological structure, stage of the process, histological form of the neoplasm, the period between the diagnosis of the first and second malignant tumor, and the immediate cause of death were analyzed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package.Results. The first tumor was most often caused by squamous cell skin cancer (21%) or invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (17.5%). The interval between the diagnosis of the first and second tumor was 72.0 (48.0–96.0) months. All patients received definitive treatment for the first tumor without progression. The second metachronous tumors were verified in an advanced stage in 72% of cases and caused the death of patients. Most often (17.5%) these were diffuse gastric cancer.Conclusion. Metachronous primary multiple malignant tumors can occur long after the first ones (about 6 years), often in advanced forms (in this case, tumors verified exclusively postmortem – 69%), being the cause of death of patients. The most common first tumors in sporadic metachronous primary multiple malignant neoplasms are recurrent squamous cell skin cancer and ductal carcinoma of the mammary gland. The main target organ for the development of oncopathology is the stomach.

The purpose of the study is to assess direct and indirect economic damage from cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer in the Tomsk region. The maximum loss of DALY values for cervical cancer was in the range of 35–49 years, for uterine cancer and ovarian cancer in the range of 55–69 years. The highest expenditure was allocated to the treatment of ovarian cancer (325.24 million rubles), followed by lower amounts for uterine cancer (205.5 million rubles) and cervical cancer (189.8 million rubles). The total economic impact (including direct and indirect costs) amounted to 3.9 billion rubles for cervical cancer, 2.8 billion rubles for ovarian cancer, and 2.3 billion rubles for uterine cancer.The findings of the study, quantified in monetary terms, are recommended for use in optimizing the allocation of budget funds under current conditions.

Background. The cancer incidence in young adults has been steadily rising worldwide and in Russia. According to Globocan, the number of cancer cases in both men and women aged 20–44 years is expected to increase by 14 % in 2045 compared to 2022. Given the decline in the number of young adults in Russia, including the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the study of cancer incidence among them is of current interest. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of the most common cancers in young men and women aged 20 to 44 years in the SFD. Material and Methods. The study used data from the state medical statistics reports (form 7, “Information on malignant neoplasms”) of the SFD subjects, as well as data on the age and sex composition of the population of these territories for 2014–2023. The analysis was carried out using the z-criterion and regression analysis. Results. In 2023, in young men of the SFD, hemoblastosis was the most common cancer (14.6 %) followed by colorectal (10.7 %) and kidney (9.8 %) cancers. In young women, the most common cancers were breast (28.5 %) cervical (16.0 %) and thyroid (9.1 %) cancers. In young men of the SFD, the incidence rates increased (pConclusion. The results of the study update the development of new organizational and clinical algorithms for medical observation of young men and women for the purpose of prevention or early diagnosis of tumor pathology, including for creating the feasibility of performing organpreserving treatment while preserving the reproductive potential of young patients.

Objective. To analyze the corpus uteri cancer incidence rates and cancer care quality in reproductive-age women residing in the territories of the Siberian Federal District (SFD). Material and methods. Specialized form No. 7 «Report on diseases of malignant neoplasms» and form No. 35 «Information on patients with malignant neoplasms» for the period 2013—2022 were analyzed. Results. In the SFD (2022), in the structure of oncological morbidity among women of reproductive age (15—49 years), uterine cancer ranked 6th with a specific weight of 5.7%. From 2013 to 2022, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR World per 100, 000 ) increased from 16.2±0.3 to 19.7±0.4, there was no statistically significant increase in reproductive age (9.3±0.5, 2022). The level of early diagnosis (stage I-II) increased both in the federal District generally (from 73.7 to 84.1%) and in most of its regions. The proportion of advanced cases (stage IV) in the SFD has not changed (6.6%, 2022). The contingent accumulation index increased both on average in the SFD (from 9.4 to 10.2) and in in separate regions. According to the SFD, there is a positive decrease in the 1-year mortality rate from 9.9 to 8.3% and an increase in the proportion of patients registered for 5 years or more from 59.6 to 65.6%. Conclusion. In the Siberian Federal District, there is an increase in the corpus uteri cancer incidence in general, among women of reproductive age the indicators are stable. Most quality cancer care parameters have improved over time, with the exception of advanced stage cancer. Measures for early detection and effective treatment of corpus uteri cancer need to be improved.