Chromium Ferrite Supported on Activated Carbon from Olive Mill Solid Waste for the Photo-Fenton Degradation of Pollutants from Wastewater Using LED Irradiation

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Abstract
In this study, chromium ferrite (FeCr; CrFe2O4) nanoparticles supported on activated carbon (AC), obtained from agricultural olive mill solid waste, were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process. The structural, morphological, optical, and chemical properties of the FeCr/AC composite were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX, DRS, BET, and FTIR techniques. The FeCr/AC composite was applied as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution under 25 W visible-light LED irradiation. Critical operational factors, such as FeCr/AC dosage, pH, MB concentration, and H2O2 levels, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, 97.56% of MB was removed within 120 min of visible-light exposure, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The composite also exhibited high efficiency in degrading methyl orange dye (95%) and tetracycline antibiotic (88%) within 180 min, with corresponding first-order rate constants of 0.0225 min−1 and 0.0115 min−1, respectively. This study highlights the potential of FeCr/AC for treating water contaminated with dyes and pharmaceuticals, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for water purification.

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