A One-Inch Aperture Piezoelectric Tunable Lens with Small Footprint

We present a novel approach to integrate the piezoelectric actuators in a tunable fluid-membrane lens. We achieved a large aperture of 2.5 cm and a small footprint of $3\times 3\times 0.6 \text{cm}^{3}$ , The actuators are fixed on the fluid chamber's sidewalls to displace the fluid towards the center and deform the flexible membrane. COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to simulate and optimize the lens design. The simulation resulted in a refractive power range of ± 2 dpt for a glass membrane lens and ± 5 dpt for a silicone membrane lens. The refractive power of the fabricated lenses was ± 0.9 dpt and ± 2.3 dpt, respectively.