Fast Flux-Activated Leakage Reduction for Superconducting Quantum Circuits

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Abstract
Quantum computers will require quantum error correction to reach the low error rates necessary for solving problems that surpass the capabilities of conventional computers. One of the dominant errors limiting the performance of quantum error correction codes across multiple technology platforms is leakage out of the computational subspace arising from the multilevel structure of qubit implementations. Here, we present a resource-efficient universal leakage reduction unit for superconducting qubits using parametric flux modulation. This operation removes leakage down to our measurement inaccuracy of 7×10^{-4} in approximately 50 ns with a low error of 2.5(1)×10^{-3} on the computational subspace, thereby reaching durations and fidelities comparable to those of single-qubit gates. We demonstrate that using the leakage reduction unit in repeated weight-two stabilizer measurements reduces the total number of detected errors in a scalable fashion to close to what can be achieved using leakage-rejection methods that do not scale. Our approach does not require additional control electronics or on-chip components and is applicable to both auxiliary and data qubits. These benefits make our method particularly attractive for mitigating leakage in large-scale quantum error correction circuits, a crucial requirement for the practical implementation of fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Funding Information
  • Office of the Director of National Intelligence
  • Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
  • Army Research Office (W911NF-16-1-0071)
  • Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0411)
  • Army Research Office (W911NF-16-1-0070)
  • National Center of Competence in Research Quantum Science and Technology
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
  • European Commission (828826)
  • Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
  • ETH Zürich Foundation
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
  • Canada First Research Excellence Fund
  • U.S. Department of Energy
  • EU Flagship on Quantum Technology (H2020-FETFLAG-2018-03)
  • SNFS (206021-170731)
  • Fondation Jean-Jacques and Felicia Lopez-Loreta
  • Ministère de l’Économie et de l’Innovation du Québec

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