Designing for monetization: A taxonomy of dark patterns in top-grossing GaaS video games
Open Access
- 7 January 2026
- journal article
- Published by Blanquerna - Universitat Ramon Llull in Tripodos
- No. 59
Abstract
This article examines the highest-grossing free-to-play video games of 2024 to identify the use of dark design patterns as core monetization strategies. Drawing on a taxonomy organized around temporal, monetary, and social dimensions, the study analyses nine representative GaaS titles on mobile and console platforms. The findings reveal a denser and more aggressive deployment of these practices in mobile games, where mechanics such as daily rewards, opaque virtual currencies, loot boxes, and socially driven incentives converge. Several of these tactics closely mirror gambling dynamics, raising ethical concerns over compulsive spending, particularly among younger audiences. This research underscores the need for enhanced digital literacy, stronger regulatory frameworks, and further research into user self-regulation mechanisms within increasingly monetized play environments. ______________________ Este artículo examina los videojuegos free-to-play con más ingresos del 2024 para identificar el uso de patrones de diseño oscuros centrados en estrategias de monetización. Basándose en una taxonomía organizada en torno a dimensiones temporales, monetarias y sociales, el estudio analiza nueve títulos GaaS representativos en plataformas móviles y de consola. Los resultados apuntan a un despliegue más denso y agresivo de estas prácticas en los juegos para móviles, donde convergen mecánicas como las recompensas diarias, las monedas virtuales opacas, las cajas de botín y los incentivos sociales. Varias de estas tácticas reflejan fielmente la dinámica del juego, lo que suscita preocupaciones éticas sobre el gasto compulsivo, especialmente entre el público más joven. Esta investigación subraya la necesidad de reforzar la alfabetización digital, consolidar marcos regulatorios más sólidos y profundizar en la investigación sobre los mecanismos de autorregulación de los usuarios en entornos de juego cada vez más monetizados.Keywords
Funding Information
- Comunidad de Madrid (PR17/24-034)
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