Three Hundred Periprosthetic Tibial Fractures Around a Total Knee Replacement

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Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic tibial fractures around a total knee replacement (TKR) remain challenging to manage, with little published information for guidance. The purpose of this study was to review the types, management techniques, and outcomes of periprosthetic tibial fractures in the largest series to date. Methods: We identified 300 periprosthetic tibial fractures (285 patients) around a TKR (43% in primary TKRs and 57% in revision TKRs) sustained between 1996 and 2020. Fractures were classified according to Felix et al. as Type I (tibial plateau), Type II (adjacent to stem), Type III (distal to stem), or Type IV (tibial tubercle), with subtypes A (well-fixed component), B (loose component), and C (intraoperative fracture). Of the fractures in this study, 53% were Type I, 24% were Type II, 16% were Type III, and 8% were Type IV. A total of 46% of fractures occurred intraoperatively, and 54% of fractures occurred postoperatively (61% subtype A, 39% subtype B). The mean patient age at fracture was 67 years, and 64% of patients were female. The mean follow-up was 6 years. Results: The intraoperative fracture incidence was 1.40% in revision TKRs and 0.10% in primary TKRs. Among intraoperative fractures, the 2-year survivorship free from tibial component revision was highest in Type I (100%) and lowest in Type IV (67%) (p < 0.001). For postoperative fractures, the 2-year survivorship free from any reoperation was 29% and the 2-year survivorship free from tibial component revision was 51%. Type-I postoperative fractures had the lowest 2-year survivorship free from tibial component revision (10%), whereas Type-III fractures had the highest survivorship (88%) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intraoperative periprosthetic fracture of the tibia was fourteenfold more likely in revision TKRs compared with primary TKRs. Among all intraoperative fractures, Type-I fractures were well-tolerated, with 100% survivorship free from tibial component revision at 2 years. Conversely, Type-I postoperative fractures had only 10% survivorship at 2 years. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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