Consistency of transesophageal echocardiography and angiography in grading paravalvular regurgitation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement

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Abstract
Background: The Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 (VARC‐3) standardizes the classification criteria and Doppler parameters for paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) by echocardiography. However, the consistency between transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and angiography in grading (using the VARC‐3 criteria) of PVR during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unclear.Methods: Forty‐six patients who underwent TEE and angiography during TAVR were retrospectively included. All patients had complete baseline information, TEE and angiography data. The Doppler parameters measured by TEE included the circumferential extent of PVR, regurgitation volume, regurgitation fraction, and the effective regurgitant orifice area. PVR was classified into four grades: absent, mild, moderate and severe. The weighted kappa coefficient was used to analyze the consistency between the two techniques. Kendall's W coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency of parameters measured by TEE.Results: Among all patients, there were 43 cases (93.5%) with consistent assessments between TEE and angiography. PVR was observed in 19 cases. TEE assessed mild PVR in 17 cases and moderate PVR in two cases; Angiography assessed mild PVR in 14 cases and moderate PVR in two cases. The weighted kappa coefficient between angiography and the circumferential extent of PVR, regurgitation volume, regurgitation fraction, and the effective regurgitant orifice area respectively was .84, .79, .74, .85 (P < .001). Kendall's W coefficient was .83 (P < .001).Conclusions: TEE and angiography had strong consistency in the grading (using the VARC‐3 criteria) of PVR during TAVR. TEE was a convenient diagnostic tool to quantify and grade PVR during TAVR.

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